From the History of the Kurdish People’s book, part 4

Chapter 28

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The Greek Empire of Alexander the Great

King of Macedonia (Reign: 336–323 BC), Pharaoh of Egypt (Reign: 332–323 BC), King of Persia (Reign: 330–323 BC), and King of Asia (Reign: 331–323 BC). Born on either July 20 or 21, 356 BC, in Pella, Macedon, Ancient Greece, Alexander died on either June 10 or 11, 323 BC (aged 32) in Babylon. His spouses included Roxana of Bactria, Stateira II of Persia, and Parysatis II of Persia. Alexander was also homosexual; he shared a close emotional (and sexual) bond with his companion, cavalry commander Hephaestion, who was also his childhood friend.

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The fall of the Achaemenid Empire to Alexander the Great of the Greek Empire marked the emergence of the Caucasian or Aryan Kurds led by General Baryaxes. General Baryaxes commanded the remnants of the Median Army, known as the Huart (Bears), into mountainous hideouts. The Huart were the first Kurdish freedom fighters or guerrilla fighters after the Gutian or Guti to resist the Greek occupiers. The word 'Huart' evolved into 'Kurt,' which eventually became Kurd.

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Greek people are descendants of Lord Balarama (the elder brother of Lord Krishna) and his followers. They were initially forced out of Caucasian people’s land 10000 years ago by the members of the Mithraism religion. In time, the members of Mithraism and the Aryan religion drove them back from India to Caucasian people’s settle on a Greek island after the Kurukshetra War with another group of followers of Lord Krishna who joined the Jews of Egypt in the year 3100 BCE.

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Since they arrived from India, the Egyptian Empire under Lord Krishna or his followers and the Greek people led by Lord Balarama have conflicted with the Caucasian people. The Egyptian Empire, under Lord Krishna’s descendant, continuously launched attacks on the land of the Caucasian people between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. At the same time, the Greeks engaged in attacks against the Caucasian people of Europe and Anatolia.

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Alexander, the Great of Greece, consolidated his power on the Greek Islands by uniting the Greek people. He formed a small, well-trained army and invaded the rich lands of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. After invading the territories of the Caucasian people under Alexander the Great's leadership, the Greeks allied with the Hebrew Jewish people and Persian defectors against the Caucasian or Aryan people. Together, they dismantled the Caucasian civilization, while the Armenians continued to create problems for the Caucasian or Aryan people since they arrived from India.

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The Greeks have since ceased their mischief. However, the Armenians, Hebrew Jews, Assyrians, and other Aramaic speakers continue to ally with the Caucasian or Aryan traitors groups against other Caucasian or Aryan groups.

The tale of Alexander the Great and the downfall of the Achaemenid Empire

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After 192 years of internal strife, during which its members learned to betray one another like their forefathers, Darius the Not-So-Great did to the Median Empire and the Caucasian or Aryan nation. Although Alexander the Great defeated the Achaemenid Empire in a short time, beginning with the unjust practices of its founder, the Empire ultimately fell with the reign of Emperor Darius III. The Greek Empire occupied the land of the Aryan people (Airyanem Vaejah) in Mesopotamia and the western part of Asia. The Greeks and other African groups initially descended from the so-called semi-Semitic nations of Europe. According to Jewish scholars and the Aryan nations, the Greeks and Macedonians comprise a mix of these Semitic peoples. However, they are considered more Semitic than Aryan by blood.

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The Caucasian or Aryan people endured oppression under their rule until the Parthian Kurds, originating from Aryan tribes in the Airyanem Vaejah, liberated some of their fellow Aryan peoples from the Semitic-origin Greeks of Europe.

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Emperor Cyrus the Great of the Median Empire and his descendants endeavored to keep the Aryan nations united to ensure their security and independence. However, the experiences of the Aryan nations serve as a vivid reminder of the consequences of disunity. Ahriman's influence over Emperor Darius the Great, resulting in such prolonged atrocities, leads one to ponder how many thousands of years it might take for the people to recognize the works of the Devil and those who, like Darius, chose to follow them.

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Alexander the Great, also known as Alexander III of Macedonia, was the son of King Philip II. He launched his campaigns with his male lover and a relatively small army compared to the million-strong force of the Achaemenid Empire. Despite this, Alexander swiftly and effortlessly defeated the Aryan nations of Mesopotamia and western Asia. He killed King Darius III, the King of Kings, and married his daughter, all while his male lover stood by his side. The daughters of Medes nobles, who were Persian traitors, as well as those from Tamil and other branches of the Caucasian or Aryan nations, were subsequently forced into marriage with Greek and Macedonian generals and soldiers, often as enslaved individuals.

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Born in 356 BCE, Alexander, the son of Phillip II (382-336 BCE), the King of Macedonia, who ruled over the northern regions of Greece, established a strong and disciplined professional army. The southern Greek city-states viewed the Macedonians as barbarians, but King Phillip II managed to unite the divided Greek city-states into a single empire through force.

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Phillip II sent his son, Prince Alexander, to train as an ordinary soldier. However, Alexander had a strong interest in and exceptional talent for the military. He trained intensely and quickly developed remarkable military skills. As a result, he was appointed a commander in his father's army at eighteen. King Phillip II had already conquered Greece and was campaigning to invade the Achaemenid Empire, Greece's archenemy at the time. However, his son, Alexander, declared himself King of Greece in 336 BC and likely assassinated him. In 334 BCE, he crossed the Hellespont with a 45,000-man army and began his invasion of the Achaemenid Empire.

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The backbone of the Macedonian army, under the leadership of King Alexander of Greece, was his infantry. Each foot soldier carried an extremely long pike, a spear that may have been as long as 21 feet or 3 meters. The pikemen trained to move in a large square formation called a phalanx, with their shields tightly locked together to create a solid line of defense. The phalanx consisted of 16 men across and 16 deep, with the first few rows of pikemen pointing their weapons straight ahead, forming a lethal wall of spear points.

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In the three decisive battles of Granicus, Issus, and Gaugamela between the Greek Empire and the Achaemenid Empire from 334 to 331 BCE, King Alexander of Macedonia brilliantly, though often recklessly, led his army to victory against the Achaemenid forces. He won battles where the enemy may have outnumbered his troops by ten to one. His chief tactic was to be offensive and deceive the enemy with unexpected strategies. He used a different method in his battle plan each time. He would always lead his companion cavalry and attack the most vital position rather than the weakest point of the enemy lines.

Whenever he faced the large army of the Achaemenid Empire, for instance, Alexander first identified the most secure positions to target the Emperor or the leading general and eliminate the leadership. When Emperor Darius III of the Achaemenid Empire finally fled the Battle of Gaugamela, Alexander recognized that the Achaemenid army had collapsed.

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The Achaemenid Empire collapsed in 331 BCE. Emperor Darius III was dead, and King Alexander the Great emerged as the undisputed rival of the Arya nations. Emperor Alexander's military campaign lasted 12 years. The Greek army traveled 10,000 miles across the Empire, subduing local lords one by one until they finally reached the Achaemenid Empire's last outpost on the Indus River in India.

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In 326 BC, Alexander the Great faced the Battle of the Hydaspes River against King Porus of the Hindu Paurava kingdom, located along the banks of the Hydaspes. King Porus was the ancient Hindu ruler of Paurava, a historical Indian kingdom between the Jhelum and Chenab rivers (referred to as the Hydaspes and Acesines in Greek) in present-day Punjab, Pakistan. He later expanded his territory to include the Beas River (known as the Hyphasis in Greek). During the Battle of the Hydaspes River in 326 BC, near what is now Mong, King Porus fought against Alexander the Great and emerged victorious. He subsequently became a client king under Alexander. However, as Alexander's men grew weary and he grieved the loss of his lover, the great general surrendered his broken heart—and ultimately his life—in 323 BCE at the age of 32, shedding tears over an empire that had no more lands to conquer.

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However, Alexander had conquered most of the land known to the ancient Greeks. Unfortunately, he died of a high fever before fulfilling his dream. However, the death of his lover in Ecbatana drove him to madness, leading him to destroy many religious temples because the prayers could not save her life.

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Since then, the Caucasian or Aryan people of Airyanem Vaejah have been haunted by the question: What happened to the brave men of the Medes, sons of the Aryan nation's hero, Kayxesraw, who defeated many nations while they were united? The answer is that it was before Darius the Great’s evil practices consumed their people.

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When facing life's challenges, it is essential to recognize the differences between united people and those who are divided and how these differences affect subsequent generations. The Aryan nation was united during the Median Empire and was able to defeat the aggressive Assyrian Empire. However, King Darius of Persia, influenced by Ahriman (the Devil), divided and conquered people. He also illegally took control of the United Median Empire. King Darius of Persia betrayed Cyrus the Great's son, ultimately leading to the defeat of the Achaemenid Empire’s army.

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The Greek king knew the stories of disunity within the Achaemenid Empire. Alexander III of Macedonia, the son of King Philip II, ascended to the throne following his father's death. He resolved that it was time to take revenge for his nation's suffering during Emperor Xerxes' invasion of Greece.

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Alexander the Great was the most successful military leader of his time after Cyrus the Great, but he cannot be compared to Cyrus in his justice practice. Although he is often regarded as the most successful military commander in history and believed to be undefeated in battle, Alexander destroyed much of the valuable heritage of the Aryan nations in the region. He showed no empathy for the people of the Aryan nations, including those of the European continent. He set a precedent for European conquerors, falling under the curse of the Semitic people's doctrine, and he never sought to join the Aryan nations.

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Alexander III of Macedonia, the son of King Philip II, studied under the Greek philosophers Aristotle and Plato. Under their guidance, he learned about the world and envisioned conquering it. His father, Philip II, united Greece for him but faced an internal revolt before being assassinated. Consequently, Alexander became king and quelled the internal unrest before waging war against the Achaemenid Empire.

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After Alexander III of Macedonia’s death, his Empire became a battleground for his generals. The era following Alexander the Great is known as the Hellenistic period. The generals divided the Empire into four territories and fought among themselves for control over them. After colonizing the lands of the Medes, Asia, and Africa, the Greeks exploited the local populations. They took whatever wealth they could from the Aryan nations, showing no regard for their welfare.

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Emperor Alexander the Great reinstated Atropates, the former governor of all Media, during the existence of the Achaemenid Empire after a brief dismissal. Atropates was a Persian nobleman who served Emperor Darius III as the Governor of Media and commanded the Achaemenid forces of Media, Caucasian Albania, and Sacasene at the Battle of Gaugamela between Darius III and Alexander. Following the defeat of the Achaemenid forces, Emperor Darius III fled to the Median capital of Ecbatana, where Atropates continued to serve him faithfully. However, Darius III did not have enough strength to stop Alexander's forces. As a result, Darius III fled to present-day Afghanistan in June 330 BCE, after which a prominent Persian nobleman, Bessus, the Satrap of Bactria, killed him.

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After the death of Emperor Darius III, a month later, Atropates surrendered to the forces of Alexander the Great. Emperor Alexander initially appointed Oxydates as Satrap of Media, but he lost Alexander's trust, leading to Atropates's reappointment. The satrap then betrayed his Aryan nations by arresting the Median rebel, General Baryaxes, and turning him over to Emperor Alexander of Macedonia. Alexander was in the process of dismantling the Achaemenid Empire and executed General Baryaxes of the Medes. Following the execution of General Baryaxes, the Caucasian or Aryan Kurds engaged the Greek army for an extended campaign, which is discussed in another chapter.

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Atropates gained Alexander's respect by betraying his people. Later, he married his daughter to Alexander's confidant and cavalry commander, Perdiccas, at the famous mass wedding in Susa in February 324 BCE. Many traitors like Atropates existed among the Parsu of Tamil, Mede, and other branches of the Aryan nation; they competed to be servants of the Greeks and Macedonians to gain favor and could use that influence against one another. The animosity between the Parsu of Tamil and the Medians did not lessen even under occupation.

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After the death of Alexander the Great, the Aryan nations of the Medes were divided among the Macedonian kings led by Cassander and the King of Asia, Seleucus I Nicator. This division within the Median people has persisted ever since.