From 1969 to this day, there have been demands for Democracy, a Jamaat and Chhatrashibir ban, and PM Hasina's resignation.
Shahinul Khalisdar
Tax Advisor | Business Advisor/ Taxation Expertise/ Enrolled Agent (EA)/Master of Science in Taxation (MST)/ Author
From 1969 to this day, there have been demands for Democracy, a Jamaat and Chhatrashibir ban, and PM Hasina's resignation.
When a nation is founded on falsehoods and distorted narratives, leading it becomes an arduous task. Allah said, “It is only those who do not believe in Allah's Ayat who fabricate the falsehood, and it is they who are liars" (16:105).
The truth is often just a joke to a liar. Throughout history, liars have tried to bury the truth with 99 lies, but the truth always resurfaces. Truth seekers acknowledge the truth, while liars ignore it out of fear that it may damage the false image they have built. The Iraq war, for example, was based on lies, and although we have learned this, there seems to be little that can be done about it. Similarly, Bangladesh is a country built on lies, yet it seems that very few people care. Bangladesh is a reality, but its history is filled with fabrication.
The 1969 East Pakistan uprising was a powerful and determined democratic political movement in East Pakistan. It was spearheaded by students with strong support from various political parties, including the Pakistan Awami League, Pakistan National Awami Party, Pakistan Communist Party, and Pakistan Muslim League (Jinnah), particularly their student wings. The movement aimed to challenge President Muhammad Ayub Khan's authority and demanded an end to military rule in Pakistan, fair elections, cessation of political repression, withdrawal of the false Agartala Conspiracy Case, and the release of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. Notably, there was no explicit mention of Bengali nationalism in their demands.
Widespread demonstrations and intermittent clashes between government armed forces and the protestors marked the uprising. The root cause of the uprising stemmed from various factors, notably the historic blunder of the 1965 War, which led to inflation and instilled fear due to the deployment of the United Pakistan military in West Pakistan, leaving East Pakistan vulnerable to Indian aggression.
In 1966, the six-point movement of the Awami League, drafted by MI6 agent Thomas Williams in a London restaurant while Mujib was in London, marked a pivotal moment. Mujib's visit to London, based on advice from his friend Tajuddin, was to seek a lawyer's assistance for his financial cases brought by Ayub Khan's administrator in the 1960s. The East Pakistan Awami League capitalized on the six-point movement at the beginning of 1969.
Mujib's initial arrest for the Agartala Conspiracy was vehemently opposed by the East Pakistan Awami League, which claimed it was a fabricated case to divert East Pakistan's rightful demand for autonomy. However, in 2011, accused Shawkat Ali confirmed to the Bangladesh parliament that the Agartala conspiracy case was not false and the charges brought against the accused were true.
In 1969, the events culminated in Ayub Khan's resignation. The uprising also led to the withdrawal of the Agartala Conspiracy Case and the acquittal of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and other defendants. Additionally, three slogans emerged during this time: "Joy Bangla," "Joy Bangabandhu," and "Joy India India-Bangladesh Maitree."
The 1970 election resulted in a resounding victory for the Awami League, securing an absolute majority by winning 160 of the 162 general seats and all seven women's seats in East Pakistan. The PPP only managed to secure 81 general seats and five women's seats, all in West Pakistan. However, more than a dozen political parties alleged election irregularities and claimed that the Chhatra League and Student Union had manipulated the election. Many ballot boxes were reportedly filled by school and college students. Despite the accusations, President Yahya Khan accepted the election result.
According to various sources within the authentic Awami League, Muslim League, and Pakistan National Awami League, President Yahya Khan conspired to make Mujib the Prime Minister of Pakistan, while he would remain the President. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was to be appointed as the Foreign Minister, and the Muslim League would become the opposition party. President Yahya Khan aimed to keep the Muslim League away from the ruling class because, since the creation of Pakistan, the Muslim League has always sought to be involved in governance, causing significant domestic issues in both East and West Pakistan. However, this plan changed after the unexpected 1970 election results.
The 1971 Civil War broke out in East Pakistan due to failed negotiations between President Yahya Khan, Mujib, and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. The situation was further complicated by the stance of Dhaka University VP A. S. M. Abdur Rab, who expressed that he did not want Mujib to become the Prime Minister of Pakistan but instead wanted him to be recognized as the father of Bengali. Ironically, after 1971, Abdur Rab abandoned Mujib and joined with JSD to fight against him. Abdur Rab raised the Bangladesh Flag in Dhaka University on March 2, 1971.
President Yahya Khan presented evidence to Mujib of Shirazul Alm Khan and VP A. S. M. Abdur Rab taking money from RAW agent Menon. Mujib told President Yahya Khan that he would take care of them after the transfer of power, but President Yahya Khan refused and asked Mujib to help him arrest them and control the public, which Mujib also refused. This led to continued negotiations between President Yahya Khan, Mujib, and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto until March 25, 1971.
On March 25, 1971, Tikka Khan took an oath as the Governor of East Pakistan and executed the "Searchlight" operation at midnight. VP A. S. M. Abdur Rab miraculously survived the "Searchlight Operation" despite being the prime target.
On March 25, 1971, in the middle of the night, the United Pakistan military conducted a "Searchlight Operation" in Dhaka, East Pakistan, not the East Pakistan military, as East Pakistan did not have a separate military. It's important to clarify that no conventional war was declared against Pakistan on the basis of Bengali nationalism.
On March 27, 1971, Major Zia revolted against the United Pakistan military and declared Bangladesh's independence in Chittagong, East Pakistan, though the international community did not initially recognize this declaration.
The government in exile of the People's Republic of Bangladesh took oath at Baidyanathtala village in the Meherpur district on April 17, 1971, and it's worth noting that Mujib and Zia were not present there. The Indian government and Bhutan recognized Bangladesh and exiled the Bangladesh Government on December 6, 1971.
Additionally, on April 18, 1971, Mukti Bahini was initially organized under the leadership of the exile government's Chief in Command, General Osmani. This group operated from Calcutta and the Indian jungle, and it received support from the Indian BSF, which provided transportation of food, clothes, weapons, and military operational strategy.
It's also important to mention that outside of East Pakistan, three groups were organized: Qadir Bahini, which had nearly a couple thousand members; Mujib Bahini, which had a few thousand members; and Mukti Bahini, which had over 30 thousand certified and trained guerrillas by the end of November 1971.
Mitro Bahini
On 21 November 1971, the Indian and exiled Bangladesh forces were placed under a joint command structure in the eastern theatre, led by Lieutenant General Jagjit Singh Aurora. This combined force was known as Mitro Bahini. It consisted of 29 battalions of the Border Security Force (BSF), as well as Mukti Bahini guerrillas, who were organized into infantry companies and attached to various Indian formations. According to the Indian military, the estimated number of certified Mukti Bahini forces was 30,000 regular soldiers, including three brigades with eight infantry battalions, three artillery batteries and at least 100,000 guerrillas by December 1971.
According to the Bangladeshi Bengali perspective, they were all freedom fighters (Muktijoddha) who fought against the invading Pakistanis. The Pakistani forces were looting their country and taking all their gold. They also committed acts of rape against Bengali women and killed Bengalis, and Razakars were aiding the Pakistanis.
Purbo Banglar Communist Party
From inside East Pakistan, only one group was directly fighting against East Pakistani Riles, the Police and the United Pakistan military: the Purbo Banglar Communist Party. This group funded its guerrilla war by stealing cows, goats and loot. This group wanted a communist revolution in East Pakistan, not the so-called “Bangladesh.”
Mujib Bahini
Mujib Bahini wanted "Mujibbad". What is Mujibbad? Mujib started his political career in 1946 as a campaigner for Muslim League candidate Hussain Shaheed Suhrawardy. In 1949, Mujib joined the Awami Muslim League, and in 1966, he declared 6 points. It was obvious that "Mujib Bahini" did not have a clear objective for Bangladesh.
Qadir Bahini
Qadir Bahini was a criminal organization that was 100% funded by the BSF. What Qadir Bahini wanted no one knew except their terrorism.
Aftermath of the War
From December 16, 1971, to February 12, 1972, the Indian military tried to control the chaotic situation in East Pakistan but failed due to a lack of Indian government political will. Murder, rape, land grabbing, bank, factory and looting were skyrocketing.
Between 1972 and 1975, four groups constantly fought like gang wars with each other: Gonobahini, Mujib Bahini, Qadir Bahini and the Purbo Banglar Communist Party.
Between 1972 and 1975, there was no functional administrative government, and criminal activities plagued the entire country. Fake Mukti Bahini, high school, college, and medical certificates were common, and unqualified individuals were able to secure jobs without going through the proper protocols and vetting processes. Instances of decaying bodies, gang violence, and gang rape were prevalent. The land grabbing was standard practice by many. In addition, super-high inflation made the local currency, Taka, practically worthless.
From 1972 to 1975, many people who wouldn't have otherwise been able to pass an exam, get a job, or buy a piece of land or house suddenly had the opportunity to do so illegally. Illegal homeowners occupied abandoned houses, and it was a time of total anarchy. Bengali leader Mujib publicly said, "Everyone gets gold mines, but I have got thief mines."
Mujib's administration was a complete failure both domestically and internationally, leading to a state of anarchy in the country. Therefore, anything that took place between 1972 and 1975 should not be considered credible based on ethical principles.
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Muslim
Now, let us understand what a Muslim is:? Muslims are followers of Islam, a monotheistic religion within the Abrahamic tradition that contradicts polytheism. They uphold the Quran as the literal word of the God of Abraham (Allah), revealed to the final Islamic prophet, Muhammad. In addition to the Quran, Muslims also recognize earlier scriptures, including the Tawrat (Torah), the Zabur (Psalms), and the Injeel (Gospel), which are associated with Judaism and Christianity. Muslims commonly adhere to the teachings and practices of Muhammad (sunnah) as documented in traditional accounts known as authentic hadith.
Muslims practice the five pillars of Islam regardless of their social, political, intellectual, economic status, or religious ranking. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, "Islam is based on five pillars: bearing witness that there is nothing worthy of worship except only one God (Allah) and that Muhammad is the final messenger of Allah; establishing the five daily prayers; giving alms (zakat); performing the pilgrimage to Mecca; and fasting during the month of Ramadan." [Reported by Bukhari and Muslim]
Currently, there are five types of Muslims: Regular Muslims, Mu'min, Mohsin, 'Athym (sinful), and Munafiq.
Regular Muslims who sincerely practice the five pillars of Islam under all circumstances.
Mu'min who have a slightly higher degree above than regular Muslims, known as “Mu’min.” Allah designated a Surah in their honor. A faithful Muslim is someone who has complete submission to the will of God and firmly established faith in their heart.
Mohsin with a slightly higher degree than Mu’min. A person with a good, righteous, kind, and benevolent personality.
Athym (sinful) Muslims who practice the five pillars of Islam but frequently commit sin. Their religious status is lower than regular Muslims.
Munafiq (hypocrite) Muslims. The Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said: “There are four characteristics, whoever has them all is a pure hypocrite, and whoever has one of them has one of the characteristics of hypocrisy until he gives it up: when he is entrusted with something he betrays that trust when he speaks he lies, when he makes a covenant he breaks it, and when he disputes he resorts to obscene speech.”
However, there is a different type of Munafiq in Islam. A big hypocrite is the hypocrisy of one who conceals disbelief while making an outward show of being a Muslim. Al-Jarjaani (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The hypocrite is the one who is a disbeliever in his heart but pays lip service to faith outwardly. "(At-Ta‘reefaat, p. 298)
The lowest level of Muslims is that the first pillar of Islam, the Shahada, is the least that a Muslim who sincerely adheres to the faith in the heart. It is the testification of the Oneness of Only One God (Allah). The Shahada consists of two parts: "There is nothing worthy of worship except Only One God (Allah)" and "Muhammad is the messenger of God." This set statement is usually recited in Arabic.lā ?ilāha ?illā-llāhu mu?ammadun rasūlu-llāh (??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????? ????) which is the main teaching of Islam.
Pakistani and Bangladeshi Muslim
In ancient India, the predominant religions were Sanātana Dharma (Hinduism), Jain Dharma, Bauddha Dharma, ājīvikas, and Aj?anas. Indian Muslims converted to Islam from these religions, which is why their cultural influence comes from their original religion rather than from Islamic culture.
During the East India Company’s de facto rule of India between 1793 and 1858, the Permanent Settlement Act of 1793 granted the Zamindars autonomous ruling capacity. The East India Company committed to assisting in defense, loans, and foreign relations with London. Following that act, Hindu Zamindars and Rajputs immediately prohibited Muslims from attending the Masjid and receiving Islamic education. This ban was strictly enforced until 1858, when the British Government took full control of the East India Company.
Prior to the British Census in 1931, the Muslim League sent a Muslim name book to villages in British India and enlisted names for the census from those who could recite Allah and their father's name. Some upper-caste Hindus argued that Muslims had enlisted many Shudras and Dalits and warned the Muslim League that there would be grave consequences for that. The Muslim League used a similar tactic for the 1936–37 British India election.
Bangladeshi Bengali
Bengalis have been taught that they are "Bir Bengali" and "Bir Muktizodah." Bangabandhu is considered the Greatest Bengali of All Time in a thousand years of Bengali history, as he was the first Bengali head of state in Bengal who saved Bengalis from colonizing Pakistanis. However, Bengal was always ruled by the petty Rajputs known as "Raj Bari." Every Pargana used to have a Raj Bari or village (????) Zamindar Bari until the East Pakistan Estate Acquisition Act of 1950, which the Muslim League enacted.
According to Bangladeshi Bengalis, they all fought for Bengali liberation from invading Pakistanis, and they all fasted for their Bengali Father Mujib’s well-being; however, Mujib's dead body was lying on the floor for nearly three days. Not a single Bengali went to see his body.
Muslim countries, including leaders such as King Faisal, Sheikh Zayed, and Sheikh Sabah, provided aid to help the starving Bengalis instead of merely feeding them. As a result, they erected thousands of Bengali memorials throughout Bangladesh, including in every school and college, and viciously propagated anti-Muslim propaganda.
Pro-Pakistani Groups were in 1971:
Peace Committee
The primary organization was the "East Pakistan Peace Committee," which maintained "Peace Committee" offices in every division, district, thana, union, and village across East Pakistan. Every resident of East Pakistan pledged allegiance to the United Pakistan and committed to preserving its integrity, irrespective of their religion. They vowed to live peacefully in East Pakistan and to promptly report any terrorist activities or presence of Indian agents to the "Peace Committee."
Razakar
In 1971, when civil war broke out unexpectedly in East Pakistan in April. The Bangladesh Government in exile, formed in India, started guerrilla attacks in East Pakistan from across the border. In May of that year, the leaders of the Muslim League in East Pakistan decided to support the Pakistani military in response to mounting pressure from the Youth Muslim League and Student League. They trained a militia called the Razakars, primarily from the Muslim "Bhadra Samaj," to aid in the fight against the Indian Border Security Force (BSF), Mukti Bahini, Mujib Bahini, Qadir Bahini, and the Purbo Banglar Communist Party.
Al-Badr
Al-Badr was a pro-Pakistani Mujahideen who gave a fierce fight, mostly from Islamic-minded college and University students.
Al-Shams
Al-Shams (meaning the sun) is mostly organized by the pro-China socialist political parties. The militia wing is mostly recruited from colleges.
Jaish-e-Mohammed and Islamic Mujahid
Jaish-e-Mohammed and Islamic Mujahid were mostly from Qawmi Madrasah.
Conclusion
An analysis of political, cultural, religious, and economic factors shows that the situation in 1971 differed significantly from the claims made by some Bengalis. The events of 1971 were not solely a Bengali issue; they had the potential for global implications due to their involvement with superpowers. It was VP ASM Abdur Rab and Bengalis who contributed to the problem in 1970-71, without involvement from anybody else. The events of 1969-71 were not connected to those of 1952. The period of 1969-71 was influenced by the Agartala Conspiracy, led by RAW agent Shirazul Alam Khan and ASM Abdur Rab, who received financial support from RAW agent Menon. Despite the surrender of the Pakistani military to the Indian military, Bangladesh has not achieved true independence. The Indian military withdrew due to fear of the Security Council and domestic problems in East Pakistan. On 21 November 1971, the Indian and exiled Bangladeshi forces were placed under a joint command structure in the eastern theatre, led by Lieutenant General Jagjit Singh Aurora, despite the boycott by Osmani. It is important to note that a C In C will never salute a Lieutenant General.
The belief that all Bengalis fought for Bengali nationalism in 1971 and are all Muktizodah due to their support with food, water, and other aid is not entirely accurate. In reality, all the terrorists were in India, and the Indian BSF provided extensive support, which was funded by the Indian defense ministry. Bengalis did not contribute financially. Inside East Pakistan, the primary organization was the "East Pakistan Peace Committee," which had offices at every level and was dedicated to preserving the integrity of Pakistan. It is crucial to acknowledge that nearly 98% of East Pakistanis were illiterate and were uncertain about their religious identity due to historical reasons. It is important to highlight that Jamaat E Islami was a member of the “Peace Committee,” while Chhatrashibir did not exist in 1971. From my personal experience as the son of the East Pakistan Peace Committee Standing Committee Chairman, it is evident that stabilizing the country posed significant challenges over nearly a decade. The violence that began in 1969 persisted until 1980, making the stabilization process arduous, particularly in light of the political turmoil between Pakistan and Bangladesh. Establishing stability and preventing chaos is imperative. As PM Hasina is the daughter of a prominent Bengali leader, it is vital for her to remain in power, given the significant role of Bangladeshi Bengal in handing over Bangladesh to Mujib, emphasizing 'Ek neta Ek desh, Bangabandhu, Bangladesh.