The Four Industrial Revolutions in a Nutshell

? The First Industrial Revolution (1760 – 1840):

This period of history began in the second half of the 18th century with large-scale production.

After the agricultural and artisanal production models were abandoned, the industrial model still exists today.

The main difference between this time and the past was the replacement of handwork with machine work.

Manufacturing would exceed the capacity of individual work, and the dimensions of batches produced on the factory floor would be impossible without the appropriate and developed equipment, according to the innovations of that period.

? The Second Industrial Revolution (1840-1945):

Modern industrial revolutions are a result of the Second Industrial Revolution. With the entry of a new era for companies.?

During this time, steel mills survived, and steel was widely used in addition to petroleum-derived fuels.?

Also suffered the explosion of the engine and electric machines that replaced the devices based on water and steam.?

Therefore, steel ships took the place of vessels made of wood. And the same happened with the bridges and viaducts.

At the beginning of the 20th century, we experienced assembly lines, which have become a standard practice today.

The simplified network expanded and branched out in several countries, mainly in the United States.

The airplane, mechanical aviation, and the telephone were also invented at this time, as well as mass production (line production), electrical energy, and food packaging in cans.

Production management techniques were refined. The second revolution is often called the technological revolution but without sustainability.

Vehicles are the most common shape of transportation in cities and are also used to transport goods (trucks). Furthermore, the road network has expanded throughout the world.

? The Third Industrial Revolution (1950 – 2010):

This era was essential for the gradual replacement of analog mechanics by digital ones for microcomputers. It was known as the age of electronics.

In addition to the rapid growth of file digitization and the invention of robotics, the Internet (1969) came to light during this era.

The 20th century was marked, however, by the Cold War (conflict between the US and the USSR), a time when there were advances in science, starting with the trip of man to the moon (1969) and the war industry. Capitalism became the dominant economic system in the world after the fall of the Soviet Union (1991).

Numerous innovations were brought about by new energy sources like nuclear, solar, wind, and thermal energy, as well as genetic engineering and biotechnology.

Therefore, millions of people worldwide were afforded to buy brand-new cell phones with new agricultural methods and new business concepts. And many new applications were developed to meet the users' needs.?

The introduction of computers and the emergence of electronic devices such as transistors, integrated circuits, and the programmable logic controller (PLC), first built in the 1960s, resulted in the following decade in a new era of computing.

Computers, fax machines, cell phones, and the Internet were among the digital age innovations.

It was technology that was used to automate individual jobs and manufacturing processes but was still dependent on human intervention.

? The Fourth Industrial Revolution started in 2011 to date:

It has to do with the confluence of practically all the technologies that exist today and are effectively transforming the world, which already had the objective of using all the technologies currently available to generate knowledge and productivity.?

The integration of current and disruptive technological innovations developed for a German government strategy project.

It was launched at the Hannover Fair in 2011, but the definitive documentation was only released in April 2013.