Is forward osmosis magic desalination?

#Reverse_Osmosis (#RO) and #Multi_Stage_Flash_Distillation (#MSFD) are the most popular and common #desalination techniques in the world. However, the cubic meter water production cost is high due to energy consumption, chemicals, operation, and maintenance. #Energy_consumption represents 44% of the total cost representing the highest component. #Forward_Osmosis (#FO) appears to act as RO without the high-pressure pump. Simply, Osmosis will drive fresh water from salt water by creating osmotic pressure by adding #draw_solute in the product water which is recovered afterward. Many studies seek improvement of FO to replace RO as sustainable desalination to decrease energy consumption and help more in reducing the costs. But until now the most commercially available and applicable desalting techniques are RO and MSFD.