The formation of a new network that is fast, mobile, agile and efficient, based on faster connectivity

Fancy Wang 2210 2020

The formation of a new network that is fast, mobile, agile and efficient, based on faster connectivity

1. Fixed broadband access networks: accelerating from fiber to home to the Gigabit era of everything in the optical union

As an “information superhighway” , fixed broadband network has become the “barometer” of ICT development level in the country, and is one of the important indicators to measure the national Comprehensive National Power. Globally, there is a clear trend of accelerating the deployment of fixed gigabit networks, and countries are actively promoting the process of high-speed broadband networks. According to OVUM data, global FTTH penetration rate reached 54% , and continue to increase, all-optical access has become the industry mainstream, and has 57 countries, 234 operators have released a gigabit business, more than 20 operators have released 10 gigabit business.

North American cable service, based on coaxial cable and using DOCSIS 3.0 technology to provide access to the network up to Gigabit, has a regional competitive advantage; the United States has the earliest development, most operators have launched gigabit service, but the coverage rate is not high, is still in its infancy. European telecoms operators still have big, copper connections and operate faster through new technologies such as Vectoring and G. Fast; At the same time, most countries have also launched gigabit service, the overall development is slightly slower than China, Japan and South Korea and other Asian countries, such as Spain, all optical plan in 2021 fiber network coverage of 100% of the country’s population; Germany’s gigabit strategic plan for full gigabit access by 2025. Asia’s Japan, South Korea, Singapore started later than the United States, but the development of Mengmeng, has been one step into the late development of Gigabit, including South Korea, Singapore gigabit household coverage has reached 93% and 95% .

In other countries, power companies (with pipeline resources and construction capacity) have accelerated the development of high-speed broadband in recent years by negotiating with operators to build all-optical access networks. In February 2020, The European Telecommunications Standardization Association (ETSI) set up The “The 5th Generation Fixed Network”(F5g) working group, dedicated to The study of F5g standards and applications, to promote The intergenerational evolution of Fixed broadband. According to the ETSI definition, F5G is the fifth generation fixed network, which is represented by 10G PON access, Wi-Fi6 and 200G/400G transmission. It includes Gre (high reliable experience) , eFBB (enhanced fixed bandwidth) and FFC (all-optical connection) , create from optical fiber to the home to optical fiber to the room, desktop, Park, factory and even the machine of the Optical Union of Everything 2 New Era. As figure 3-1 shows:

China is leading the world in optical network infrastructure advantages, is stepping into the 10G PON technology, represented by the new stage of Gigabit ultra-wide. In 2019, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) launched the “Double-g double-lift” initiative to push both fixed, fixed and mobile broadband into the Gigabit (G-bit) era, providing basic network support for high-bandwidth application innovation and promotion.

The basic telecommunications operators have responded positively and successively put forward clear plans for the development of Gigabit and megabit optical networks. At present, gigabit broadband has been deployed in more than 300 cities nationwide, with access networks covering more than 80 million household users, telecom operators in most provinces have launched gigabit commercial plans, with more than 2.7 million gigabit broadband subscribers nationwide, more than the total number of subscribers last year in just five months (87 Wan Hu) .

Beijing mobile to accelerate the construction of F5g, will create a city-wide dual-gigabit Boutique Community; Guangzhou Telecom and Huawei released the industry, the first “FTTR White Paper” , through all-optical home network solutions to ensure gigabit broadband coverage; Hangzhou mobile released “double 5G” digital city white paper, tamping the digital economy, solid foundation. In the next five years, the optical access network will accelerate into the gigabit era, with 10G PON passive light, network technology with large bandwidth, wide coverage and other characteristics, a single system can provide 30-40 households with gigabit access capacity, become the world’s operators in the deployment of high-speed Optical access network priority technology, technology choice. China’s Gigabit broadband will continue to extend coverage, to achieve home, enterprise, business, and factory manufacturing and other multi-scene applications, connected to a large number of devices and terminals, to provide users with stable, high-speed bandwidth access capacity. Specifically, the future construction and development of optical access network will be around the following three aspects:

1) gigabit speed up: to Home Gigabit rate access as the goal, the full adoption of 10G PON technology; Home Scene Application Gigabit Wireless Lan to enhance the terminal access rate, combined with 10G Pon to provide gigabit bandwidth direct to user terminals.

(2) all things optical: at the physical level, the scene of fiber optic connectivity extends from the home to the room, industrial Pon (industrial optical network, fiber to machine) , fiber to, park enterprises (all kinds of vertical industries such as government and enterprise, Park, education, electric power, transportation, etc.) ensure high speed through a new generation of high performance, high integration and low power consumption photoelectric chips and algorithms, response, low delay, industrial-grade high reliability and safety.

(3) extreme experience: The application of technologies, such as big data acquisition, edge computing, artificial intelligence, plus end-to-end network slicing, multi-level scheduling support algorithms, to provide differentiated and accurate service support for different users and different services, enhance the user’s business experience.

2. MOBILE BROADBAND ACCESS NETWORK: 5G scale commercial deployment into the fast lane。

The world’s major economies are highly focused on 5G development and deployment on a large scale. The development of 5G has been the common understanding of all countries in the world, speeding up the strategic layout of 5G is an important means to occupy the International Competitive System, the high point and win the new advantage of the future national strategic competition. In recent years, the United States government has promulgated new policies and bills to lay out the development of 5G in a comprehensive way.

Following the “5G FAST” program, in January 2020, the U.S. House of Representatives passed three bills in succession: the Promotion of 5G International Leadership in the United States Act, the promotion of wireless leadership in the United States act, and the guarantee of 5G and above Security Act, the intention is to strengthen US leadership in 5G related international standard-setting bodies to ensure accurate implementation of national strategies and strategic objectives. The four major U. S. carriers have opened 5G for commercial use, focusing on the deployment of millimeter-and millimeter-wave band services, and is expanding to low-and medium-frequency bands. T-mobile, for one, launched a nationwide 5G network in December 2019 using 600 mhz of spectrum, covering more than 5,000 towns and 200 million people.

AT & T PLANS TO HAVE A U.S. based 5G network commercially available in cities on the 850 mhz band by the first half of 2020. South Korea has accelerated its “innovation plus long 5G + strategy” to boost investment, encourage infrastructure creation and support overseas expansion, aiming to build the world’s best 5g ecosystem. Three major operators, KT, SKT and LG U + , launched 5G network at the same time in April 2019, and occupied the first commercial launch of 5G worldwide. They have continued their efforts in 5G network construction. As of April 2020, the 5G base station in South Korea reached 115,000, covering 93% of the Korean population, the number of 5G subscribers reached 6.34 million, accounting for 9.1 percent of mobile phone subscribers and 12.4 percent of the population.

EU actively implement the “5G Action Plan” , member states, and industry parties to work out a 5G timetable, and guide EU countries to formulate their own 5G development, route. Major telecommunications operators have introduced 5G services in more than 10 countries, and 5G networks in Switzerland and Monaco have reached about 90 per cent of their populations. By the end of March 2020,381 operators in 123 countries and regions had announced 5g network construction, and 40 countries and regions had launched one or more 5g services.

China’s 5G industry chain is becoming more and more mature, entering the key stage of network scale deployment and application depth expansion. Network construction will accelerate, telecom operators will accelerate the evolution of 5G network from NSA (non-independent network) to SA (independent network) , China Mobile has launched SA equipment bidding, strive to realize SA network commercial within the year. Network slicing, edge computing and other key, network technology will Kalanchoe Pinnata, further demonstrate 5G core capabilities and values.

At the same time, in order to effectively reduce the cost of network construction, reduce duplication of construction, operators actively promote 5G network co-construction, sharing. Network equipment and terminal industry is booming, China has 1305g mobile phones, access to the network sales license, mobile phone prices down to 2,000 yuan range. Domestic shipments of 5G mobile phones exceed 30 million units, accounting for more than 1/3 of mobile phone shipments in the same period. In 2019, Huawei and ZTE ranked first and fifth in global shipments of 5G network equipment, accounting for 40 percent of total global shipments. The power consumption of single base station has been reduced from 5 kw to 2-3 kw, and the operation cost has been reduced significantly.

In response to the epidemic and the crisis, the application of 5G remote diagnosis and treatment and the application of 5g intelligent medical robot have moved from experiment to practice, 5G + 4k live broadcast, long-distance work and long-distance teaching also played an important role in the epidemic prevention and control during isolation, promoting the safe and orderly resumption of production.

The outbreak has triggered the widespread use of 5G technology, allowing the Chinese people to feel the efficiency improvement brought about by 5G for the first time on a large scale, proving the importance of 5G applications in areas such as medical care, prevention and control, emergency response, logistics, etc. , for the large-scale popularization of related applications to open the prologue. With the coming of the resumption of work and production, 5g will play an important role in a broader and deeper level, providing strong momentum for steady economic growth.

3. Backbone transmission: Upgrading to higher bandwidth and capacity pbit transmission。

Optical transport network plays a key role in the “data flow transport” in the emerging industry, rapidly changing the development of the industry, and constantly optimize the transmission capacity. Since the 1980s, the optical fiber communication system has been applied to the backbone transmission of the information communication network. With the improvement of the transmission capacity and power of the optical fiber, the dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) technology has been applied to expand the bandwidth capacity of the optical fiber, the capacity of commercial systems transmitting single optical fibers has grown by more than a million times. In terms of Fiber-optic communication capacity, every 9 to 12 months, the capacity of the Fiber-optic communication system will double.

China’s optical transport network has entered the era of all-optical network 2.0, from all-optical fiber to all-optical automatic scheduling. All-optical network, with its large transmission capacity, good transmission quality, structural advantages, as well as its compatibility, expansibility, reconfiguration and highly integrated advantages, has become the most important construction in the 5G optical communication era. With three core features: 10THz can be huge, using spectrum, 100Tbit/s super capacity, 1Tbit/s super high-speed, can effectively support 5G load demand. As for the network architecture, the backbone network of basic telecom operators has gradually realized the Mesh Network of Wireless Grid Network, which is more flexible, effectively reduces the service end, end-to-end delay, and realizes the flexible adjustment and dynamic recovery of service.

In network applications, the optical transport network will evolve from a supporting network to a service network, and a quality dedicated line will be constructed to support the high-speed, high-quality and development of emerging services. Its coverage will also further extend to the edge of the network to realize the full-scale Optical transport network, integrated Business Load. In the aspect of intelligent management and control, by gradually introducing the intelligent cloud network management and control system, the digitization and intelligent management and control of the network can be realized, the equipment, service and time delay can be visualized, displayed, and the flexible and variable service distribution strategy can be provided, provide on-demand automatic adjustment, network risks, early warning and early switching of services and other functions.

The backbone network accelerates from 100G to 200G and higher capacity. At present, 100G backbone network, transmission system has been widely deployed in China, the three major operators have built a single-wave 100G backbone network, and carried out several rounds of capacity expansion to meet the growing demand for traffic. But with 5G carrying, the bandwidth demand increases greatly, the network flattens, the large-scale Data Center Computer Room Interconnection, will give the backbone network a huge challenge, 100G backbone network is difficult to meet the 5G commercial mature network, the network bandwidth demand, push operator backbone network into single wave 200G era. This year, China Mobile introduced the 200G ultra-high-speed transmission technology for the first time in the provincial backbone network, creating the first 200G commercial backbone network in China, becoming the key and milestone of the optical network industry from 100G to 200G. As the deployment of 5G networks speeds up, China Telecom and China Unicom have also included 200G backbone systems in their acquisition plans. At the same time, operators and equipment companies are also accelerating the 400G transmission system testing, backbone network will achieve the p-bit level transmission capacity.

The Backbone Network Direct Connection Point completes the IPV6 upgrade ahead of schedule. Since the release of China’s action plan to promote the Internet, IPv6 scale deployment, the upgrading and transformation of China’s Internet backbone network, IPv6, has been carried out smoothly under the impetus of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. As of June 2019, China has completed the upgrade of 13 backbone direct-link IPv6 networks, and has rolled out a total of 7 tbps of IPv6 inter-network bandwidth, ahead of schedule, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology “by the end of 2020, we will complete the transformation of the Internet backbone directly connected with IPV6, and open the Internet with a bandwidth of no less than 5Tbps” , and optimize the traffic of IPV6 between networks. In July 2020, three basic telecom companies assigned IPV6 addresses to 1.44 billion fixed and mobile terminals, and 9.77 percent of their LTE network traffic was IPV6. At present, the backbone network IPV6 network quality and IPV4 basic convergence, our country already has the IPV6 service carrying capacity, and develops unceasingly to the good. In the future, the scale of IPV6 deployment will be further enhanced in terms of quality and efficiency, focusing on the end-to-end connectivity of IPV6 services, speeding up the transformation of weak links in IPV6, expanding the application and promotion of IPV6, and building a high-speed, universal, full coverage and intelligent next-generation Internet, to provide strong support for economic and social development.

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