FoodExperts reveal 2023’s most frequently detected plant protection products

We conducted over 20,000 analyses in 69 countries. More than 150 different products were taken and uploaded to the FoodExperts Platform. The end result? 65% of the samples tested contained detectable active ingredients.

Over half of these samples tested positive for fungicide residues, with Fludioxonil leading at 3,009 detections, followed by Fluopyram (1,985) and Pyrimethanil (1,686).

Insecticides also proved significant, making up 32% of the detections. Spirotetramat (2,363 detections) was the most prevalent, followed by Acetamiprid (1,858) and Flonicamid (1,120).

Herbicide detections, surprisingly, only constituted about 2% of the total (however, some actives of this group require specific analyses that haven’t been tested in all samples).

Fungicides: Fludioxonil, Fluopyram, and Pyrimethanil have historically been the most detected fungicides

Fludioxonil, a synthetic compound from the phenylpyrrole group, is effective at low doses against a variety of pathogenic fungi such as Botrytis, Alternaria and Fusarium. These species cause surface diseases including gray mold, fruit rot or head blights (also known as scabs) in a range of fruits and vegetables. Fludioxonil works by inhibiting electron transport in fungal cells, disrupting osmotic balance and leading to cell death.

However, Fludioxonil is not without its drawbacks. In fact, it can adversely affect non-target organisms such as beneficial insects, earthworms, aquatic life, and soil microorganisms (EFSA, 2019).

Moreover, the MRLs for Fludioxonil vary significantly across regions, posing challenges for exporters. For example, the MRL for Fludioxonil on grapes is 2 mg/kg in the European Union, 5 mg/kg in the United States, 10 mg/kg in Japan, and 15 mg/kg in China (FAO, 2023). These variations mean that exporters have to adjust their practices to avoid MRL exceedances and trade barriers.

Fluopyram and Pyrimethanil have also figured among the top three most frequently detected fungicides. They share similar characteristics in terms of broad-spectrum activity and effectiveness.

• Fluopyram is a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor affecting the mitochondria fungi activity in all stages of its development: germination, up to sporulation.
• Pyrimethanil works by inhibiting methionine biosynthesis preventing germ tube extension: fungistatic activity, thus stopping its penetration into host epidermal cells.

Both Fluopyram and Pyrimethanil are used to help protect a variety of crops, including fruits and vegetables. They’re generally chosen for their effectiveness and safety profiles.

Insecticides: 2023 is different. Spirotetramat, Acetamiprid, and Flonicamid were the three most frequently detected insecticides

1. Spirotetramat, a tetramic acid derivative, is renowned for its systemic action. This attribute allows the insecticide to be absorbed by the plant upon application and subsequently distributed through its tissue. The systemic nature of Spirotetramat enables it to target concealed areas of the plant. Effectively combating pests that are otherwise challenging to reach: including aphids, scale insects, psyllids, and specific species of whiteflies. These pests can inflict considerable damage on crops by transmitting diseases and feeding on plant tissues. Spirotetramat inhibits lipid biosynthesis in insects – disrupting their development by impeding their ability to generate new cells and tissues during growth, leading to their demise. This insecticide is used on various crops, including citrus fruits, apples, pears, peaches, grapes, cotton, tomatoes, and cucumbers. It’s particularly effective against pests that have developed resistance to alternative insecticides. Spirotetramat also boasts a favorable environmental profile, exhibiting a low risk of toxicity to pollinators and other non-target insects when used as directed.
2. Acetamiprid, classified as a neonicotinoid, functions as a neurotoxin to insects. Thanks to its systemic and contact action, this insecticide is effective against a diverse range of pests but it has a? comparatively low risk to mammals.
3. Flonicamid, the third most frequently detected insecticide, is a pyridinecarboxamide derivative, known for its selective action against sucking insects such as aphids and whiteflies. Flonicamid disrupts the feeding activity of these pests, causing starvation and eventual death. Its selectivity and low toxicity to beneficial insects (including pollinators) makes it a preferred choice in integrated pest management strategies.

FEXP Platform: simplifying compliance

Pesticide residues are a major concern for food safety and quality. They can pose health risks to consumers and affect trade and market access. The FEXP platform therefore plays a vital role in facilitating compliance with the maximum residue levels (MRLs) established by different countries. The platform helps food exporters and importers navigate the complex landscape of international trade regulations around pesticide use.

One of the key advantages of the FEXP platform is that it consolidates critical information in one place. It’s a 'one stop platform' that provides an efficient and streamlined process for managing pesticide residue data.

For instance, our analysis module allows users to upload their results onto the FEXP platform and share them with customers who require this data. This feature is particularly useful for ensuring transparency and building trust in the food supply chain.

Additionally, the module compares results with Plant Protection Products Lists (PPPLs) and highlights any discrepancies. Helping to maintain compliance with international standards while promptly identifying and addressing any potential issues.

By offering these comprehensive tools, the FEXP platform not only simplifies the complexity of managing pesticide residues for exporters and importers, but also contributes to the broader goal of ensuring global food safety and quality.

A significant step forward in balancing effective pest management with the crucial need to protect consumer health and facilitate smooth international trade.