Food Alert: When to Keep or Toss Food

Food waste is a growing issue affecting not only your wallet but also the planet. According to the USDA, Americans waste approximately 30–40% of the food supply annually. A significant reason behind this is confusion over how long food items remain safe to consume. When should you toss that half-empty jar of marinara sauce? Are those slightly wilted greens still okay to eat?

The Truth About Expiration Dates

One of the most misunderstood concepts when it comes to food safety is expiration dates. Let's clear up the confusion.

Expiration Date vs. Best-By Date

Food labels often display terms like "sell-by," "use-by," and "best-by." Here’s what they actually mean:

• Sell-By Date: This is meant for retailers and indicates the last day a product should be sold. It doesn’t necessarily mean the food will spoil by this date.
• Best-By Date: This is about quality rather than safety. Foods are at their peak taste and texture before this date but are often still safe to eat after it.
• Use-By Date: This is the last date recommended for use while the product is at peak quality. However, it doesn’t always signify safety concerns, except for certain perishables like dairy and deli meats.

Pro Tip: Always trust your senses alongside labels. Use your eyes, nose, and taste buds to judge whether an item is still fresh.

Perishable Foods

When it comes to perishables, erring on the side of caution is wise. Here’s a breakdown of how long some common foods last and how to tell if they’ve gone bad.

Dairy Products

• Milk: Typically lasts 5–7 days past its sell-by date when stored properly. Toss it if you detect a sour smell or curdling.
• Cheese: Hard cheeses like cheddar can last several weeks, even if mold appears—just cut off the moldy section. Soft cheeses like brie should be discarded if moldy or slimy.
• Yogurt: Usually safe 1–2 weeks past the expiration date, but discard if there's mold or an off smell.

Meat and Poultry

• Raw Meat and Poultry: Store in the fridge for 1–2 days. If your meat smells foul, is slimy, or has turned grayish-green, it’s time to toss it.
• Cooked Meat: Keeps 3–4 days in the fridge. Look out for sliminess or an unpleasant smell.

Eggs

Eggs are surprisingly hardy and can last 3–5 weeks in the fridge. Not sure if they're still safe to eat? Do the water test! If an egg sinks in water, it’s still good. If it floats, it’s time to toss it.

Seafood

Fish and shellfish are especially prone to spoilage. Consume fresh fish within 1–2 days of purchase or freeze it immediately. If it smells overwhelmingly fishy or ammonia-like, don’t eat it.

Produce

Fruits and vegetables vary widely in terms of longevity. Here's a quick guide to knowing when it’s time to toss them.

Leafy Greens

Lettuce and spinach begin to wilt quickly. If they’re slimy or smell rotten, discard them. Slightly wilted greens can still be used in cooked dishes like soups.

Root Vegetables

Carrots, beets, and potatoes can last for weeks, even months, if stored in a cool, dark place. If you notice extensive mold, a strong odor, or shriveling, it's time to toss them.

Berries and Fruits

• Berries (e.g., strawberries and blueberries): Examine for mold. A single moldy berry can spoil the rest of the bunch.
• Fruits (e.g., apples and bananas): Slight blemishes are fine, but if fruits are overly mushy, have a foul smell, or contain mold at the core, they're past their prime.

Non-Perishables

Not all foods need to be discarded after their expiration date. Many pantry staples have a significantly longer shelf life.

Canned Goods

Canned goods like soups and vegetables can last 1–2 years past their expiration date if the can is intact (no dents, rust, or swelling). Once opened, refrigerate and consume within 2–3 days.

Grains and Pasta

Rice, pasta, and flour can last indefinitely when stored in airtight containers. Toss them if there’s a musty smell or visible signs of pests.

Spices

While spices don’t spoil in the traditional sense, they lose potency over time. If your paprika has lost its vibrant color or your cinnamon smells faint, it’s time for a refresh.

Signs of Spoiled Food

Still not sure when to toss something? These are key indicators that food is unsafe to consume:

• Visible mold or discoloration
• Slimy or sticky texture (on meat, poultry, or produce)
• Foul or sour odors
• Bubbling or foaming in liquids
• Unusual taste

Keeping Food Fresh Longer

With these steps, you can extend the shelf life of your groceries:

• Store berries with a paper towel to absorb excess moisture.
• Wrap greens in a damp cloth and place them in an airtight bag.
• Store potatoes and onions in separate dark, cool places to prevent sprouting and rotting.

Make Safe and Conscious Choices

Not only do spoiled foods pose a health risk, but they also contribute to food waste. By taking the time to properly store and use your groceries, you can help reduce this issue. Consider buying only what you need and using up leftovers before they go bad.

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Written by: Lorna Brown

About the Author: Lorna Brown, a committed nutritionist based in Seattle, Washington, possesses more than ten years of extensive experience in the field of nutrition. She offers personalized guidance for those facing obesity challenges, promoting healthy living practices and sustainable lifestyle changes. Alongside her expertise in nutrition, Lorna excels as a freelance writer, crafting insightful articles for platforms such as Smart Strategies for Successful Living. Outside of work, she enjoys pickleball, cycling, gardening, and honing her culinary skills for healthy eating.

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