The FIRST paper to truly fabricate a three-dimensional architecture, and NO its not through traditional 3D printing or CLIP!

The attached paper [1] is the first article to demonstrate the ability to truly fabricate a three-dimensional architecture without the need for any moulds or supports while fabrication a self-supporting overhang. Since then many others have taken this technology and progressed it in the nano-regime.

[1] A.C. Sullivan and S.N. Jayasinghe, Development of a direct three-dimensional biomicrofabrication concept based on electrospraying a custom made siloxane sol, Biomicrofluidics 1, 034103 (2007); doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2766761

Hence traditional 3D printing and even the recently retrofitted technology referred to CLIP is yet to rival electrospray based fabrication. For more information see recently published article in Advanced Biosystems - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adbi.201700067/pdf.