Fire System Engineering need to know how to system work in fire protection system.

How many sprinkler heads can be on one zone?

At different pressures, the sprinkler head and nozzle will consume different amounts of water. For example, at 35 pounds per square inch (PSI) the 5000 Series Rotor using the 3.0 nozzle will use 3.11 gallons per minute (GPM). If your home's water capacity was 10 GPM, you could place 3 heads per zone.

How do you figure hydraulic pressure?

Use this formula to determine either force, pressure or effective area if two of the variables are known. The volume of oil required for a cylinder (cylinder oil capacity) is equal to the effective area of the cylinder times the stroke*. An RC-158 cylinder with 3.14 in2 effective area and an 8 in.

What is a hydraulic sprinkler system?

In the pipe schedule method a specific number of sprinkler heads can be fed off each particular size pipe. A hydraulically designed system is one intended to fulfill the specified sprinkler density operating over a selected area of application in a fairly uniform manner

How long does it take a sprinkler to water 1 inch?

Run your sprinkler and see how long it takes to get a half inch of water in the can – just like a rain gauge. Usually it's about 30 minutes. So 20 minutes, 3 times per week will get an inch of water on your lawn, and 30 minutes 3 times per week will get 1 ?” down.

How many minutes per zone should you run your sprinkler system?

This zone, we have found needs to be run for 30 minutes each day in the middle of summer (drive zone for 15 minutes). If you determine that you'll only need half the water, simply cut the time in half for the zones (15 minutes on the rotors, 7 minuteson the sprays).

How many gallons of water does a fire sprinkler use?

Water consumption is a LOT less (24 gallons per minute for a sprinkler versus 150 gallons per minute for a fire hose).

How many types of sprinkler systems are there?

There are basically four types of Houston fire sprinkler systems: Wet Pipe Fire Sprinkler Systems – wet pipe fire sprinklers are the most common type of fire sprinkler system in use. In a wet pipe fire sprinkler, the water is stored directly in the pipes and released by heat activated sprinkler heads

How do you measure piston stroke?

The bore is determined by the diameter of a cylinder and the stroke is determined by the distance a piston travels up and down inside that cylinder. Use your measuring tape to measure the inside diameter of the cylinder. This will give you the cylinder's bore. Ensure the piston is at the bottom of the cylinder.

How does a dry type sprinkler system work?

A dry pipe sprinkler system is one in which pipes are filled with pressurized air or nitrogen, rather than water. This air holds a remote valve, known as a dry pipe valve, in a closed position. ... Water then enters the pipe, flowing through opens prinklers onto the fire.

How does a sprinkler work?

In other sprinklers, the plug is a small glass bulb full of a glycerin-based liquid designed to expand and shatter when it gets hot. The basic idea is the same in both cases: the plug is meant to break and open the sprinkler as soon as a fire breaks out

What is a fusible link sprinkler head?

Fusible Link Sprinklers vs. Glass Bulb Sprinklers. All wet-pipe sprinklers are held closed by either a fusible link or a glass bulb that contains a heat-sensitive liquid. A fusible link sprinkler head has a two-part metal element that is fused by a heat-sensitive alloy. The link holds the pip cap, or plug, in place.

How do fire sprinklers go off?

Sprinklers that flood homes exist only in movies and on television. In reality, each sprinkler head has its own heat sensor and each sprinkler will operate only when the temperature reaches between 155 and 165°F. A fire in the garage for example, will activate only the sprinkler(s) in the garage.

Do fire sprinklers go off all at once?

Fire sprinkler systems are actually heat activated, one sprinkler head at a time, and most fires usually require only one or two sprinklers to be extinguished. ... This belief is a spinoff from the myths we just mentioned -- that sprinklers are activated by smoke and every sprinkler head goes off at the same time.

Can vape set off a smoke alarm?

However, they are triggered by heat and not smoke so are unlikely to detect vapour from electronic cigarettes. ... The vapour from ecigs does set off smoke detectors, but only when exhaling or blowing the vapor towards the smoke detector at close proximity. It's not much different than smoking a cigarette in that regard

Do fire sprinklers react to smoke?

Only the sprinkler nearest the fire activates. Smoke will not activate  sprinklers. Sprinklers are so effective because they react so quickly. They reduce the risk of death or injury from a fire because they dramatically reduce the heat, flames, and smoke produced, allowing people the time to evacuate the home.

How many sprinkler heads can be on one zone?

At different pressures, the sprinkler head and nozzle will consume different amounts of water. For example, at 35 pounds per square inch (PSI) the 5000 Series Rotor using the 3.0 nozzle will use 3.11 gallons per minute (GPM). If your home's water capacity was 10 GPM, you could place 3 heads per zone.

How many minutes per zone should you run your sprinkler system?

This zone, we have found needs to be run for 30 minutes each day in the middle of summer (drive zone for 15 minutes). If you determine that you'll only need half the water, simply cut the time in half for the zones (15 minutes on the rotors, 7 minuteson the sprays).

What is a water deluge system?

Deluge Fire Sprinkler System. A deluge fire sprinkler system is similar to a pre-action system except the sprinkler heads are open and the pipe is not pressurized with air. Deluge systems are connected to a water supply through a deluge valve that is opened by the operation of a smoke or heat detection system.

What is a preaction system?

The system's discharge is a two-step process: First, the innovative detection system identifies smoke or heat, which activates a pre-action valve that allows water to flow into piping and effectively creates a wet pipe sprinkler system. Second, individual sprinkler heads release to let water flow onto the fire.

What is a deluge valve system?

A Deluge System is a fixed fire protection system in which the pipe system is empty until the deluge valve operates to distribute pressurized water from open nozzles or sprinklers. Deluge systems are more com- plex than wet pipe and dry systems because they contain more components and equipment

What is meant by FM 200?

FM 200 fire suppression is also known as HFC 227 ea. FM 200 is a water less fire protection system, it is discharged into the risk within 10 seconds and suppresses the fire immediately.

What is FM 200 stand for?

The FM-200 Fire Suppression System is an engineered system utilizing a fixed nozzle agent distribution network. The system is designed and installed in accordance with the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Standard 2001, “Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems.”

What is a double interlock preaction system?

The non-interlock system is activated if either the detection system or a sprinkler operates. The double interlock preaction system requires two events to occur before water is admitted to the system. One event consists of the activation of a device installed on the supplemental detection system.

How many types of fire sprinklers are there?

There are basically four types of Houston fire sprinkler systems: Wet Pipe Fire Sprinkler Systems – wet pipe fire sprinklers are the most common type of fire sprinkler system in use. In a wet pipe fire sprinkler, the water is stored directly in the pipes and released by heat activated sprinkler heads.

What is a foam fire suppression system?

Firefighting foam is a foam used for fire suppression. Its role is to cool the fire and to coat the fuel, preventing its contact with oxygen, resulting in suppression of the combustion.

Is halon gas toxic?

Halon 1211 and Halon 1301 are low-toxicity, chemically stable compounds that, as long as they remain contained in cylinders, are easily recyclable. Halon is an extraordinarily effective fire extinguishing agent, even at low concentrations.

How do fire suppression systems work?

When heat or smoke is detected, an electronic signal is sent to the control unit to send the clean agent gas through the cylinders and piping network. ... This fire suppression system includes the agent, agent storage cylinders, release valves, fire detection system wiring, piping, and nozzles

What is meant by Novec system?

Fire Suppression Systems / Novec? Novec? 1230, manufactured by 3M?, is a unique fire extinguishing agent. Among the Clean Agents, it has the lowest atmospheric lifetime of 5 days. It is stored as a liquid, which makes it easier for transport, and also has a "zero ozone depletion potential".

What is the meaning of Vesda?

Very Early Smoke Detection Apparatus

VESDA (an abbreviation of Very Early Smoke Detection Apparatus) is a laser based smoke detection system. The name VESDA has become a generic name for most air sampling applications. The name VESDA is a trade mark of X tralis.

What is a dry pipe sprinkler system?

Dry Pipe Fire Sprinkler System. A dry pipe sprinkler system is one in which pipes are filled with pressurized air or nitrogen, rather than water. This air holds a remote valve, known as a dry pipe valve, in a closed position.

What is a wet fire sprinkler system?

A wet pipe sprinkler system is a sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklerheads attached to a piping system containing water and connected to a water supply so that water discharges immediately from sprinklers opened by heat from a fire.

What is the powder extinguisher used for?

Mon ammonium phosphate, ABC Dry Chemical, ABE Powder, tri-class, or multi-purpose dry chemical is a dry chemical extinguishing agent used on class A, class B, and class C fires. It uses a specially fluidized and siliconized mono ammonium phosphate powder

What is class B foam used for?

Class B Hydrocarbons (AFFF) Class B Foam Agents are ideal for suppressing fires involving petroleum-based products, LNG, rubber, and flammable and combustible liquids; such as diesel fuel, crude oil gasoline and ethanol.

Are fire extinguishers poisonous?

While fire extinguisher powder is non-toxic, it is not entirely safe. The chemicals used are considered appropriate for home use, but you should take precautions to avoid touching or inhaling too much of the powder.

Which gas is used to stop fire?

Sodium bicarbonate, regular or ordinary used on class B and C fires, was the first of the dry chemical agents developed. In the heat of a fire, it releases a cloud of carbon dioxide that smothers the fire. That is, the gas drives oxygen away from the fire, thus stopping the chemical reaction.

What is the meaning of fire suppression?

Automatic fire suppression systems control and extinguish fires without human intervention. Examples of automatic systems include fire sprinkler system, gaseous fire suppression, and condensed aerosol fire suppression.

What is Ansul suppression system?

The full line of ANSUL special hazard fire protection products includes fire extinguishers and hand line units; pre-engineered restaurant, vehicle, and industrial systems; sophisticated fire detection/suppression systems, and a complete line of dry chemical, foam, and gaseous extinguishing agents.

What is the difference between wet and dry sprinkler systems?

In wet pipe systems, the overhead sprinkler piping connected is filled with water under pressure. ... Dry fire sprinkler systems, on the other hand, do not have water in the direct non-heated sprinkler piping, but only pressurized air or nitrogen. The pressurized air holds back the water supply at a main dry-pipe valve.

How does an underground sprinkler system work?

Fire sprinkler systems are triggered by extreme heat and can quickly extinguish a fire in the room where it started. ... Fire sprinkler systems are actually heat activated, one sprinkler head at a time, and most fires usually require only one or two sprinklers to be extinguished.

What is a deluge fire sprinkler system?

A deluge fire sprinkler system is similar to a pre-action system except the sprinkler heads are open and the pipe is not pressurized with air. ... Deluge systems are used in places that are considered high hazard areas such as power plants, aircraft hangars and chemical storage or processing facilities.

How does an underground sprinkler system work?

Figure A: How a Sprinkler System Works. The controller sends a signal to the control valves in the control valve box. The valves open, sending water through the underground water line, which causes the sprinkler heads to pop up and spray.

How do fire sprinklers go off?

Sprinklers that flood homes exist only in movies and on television. In reality, each sprinkler head has its own heat sensor and each sprinkler will operate only when the temperature reaches between 155 and 165°F. A fire in the garage for example, will activate only the sprinkler(s) in the garage.

How does an irrigation sprinkler work?

Sprinkler irrigation is a method of applying irrigation water which is similar to natural rainfall. Water is distributed through a system of pipes usually by pumping. It is then sprayed into the air through sprinklers so that it breaks up into small water drops which fall to the ground.

What is class ABC fire extinguisher?

ABC Fire Extinguishers. ... They use mono ammonium phosphate which is a dry chemical that is able to quickly put out the fire. It is a pale yellow powder that is able to put out all three classes of fire; Class A for trash, wood and paper, Class B for liquids and gases, and Class C for energized electrical sources.

What are class AB and C fires?

Class A: Fires with trash, wood, paper or other combustible materials as the fuel source. Class B: Fires with flammable or combustible liquids as the fuel source. Class D: Fires with certain ignitable metals as a fuel source.

What is F 500?

F-500 is a Micelle Encapsulator Fire Suppression Agent. F-500 is a multi-purpose agent used worldwide for various applications. The fire suppression mechanics and technology utilized by F-500 are vastly different than conventional foam.

What is a foam eductor?

An eductor is a device that uses the Venturi principle to introduce foam concentrate into the water stream. ... A metering valve is attached to an inlet to this chamber and when open allows the higher atmospheric pressure outside the chamber to push the foam concentrate into the chamber.

Can a fire extinguisher kill you?

Just as it is unknown what amount of extinguisher powder will kill you, another area that is lacking statistics is the number of people killed from ABCextinguishers. The Journal of Toxicology does track fire extinguisher deaths; however, it reports only a few deaths, but thousands of injuries required hospitalization.

What is Halon made of?

Halon, chemical compound formerly used in firefighting. A halon may be any of a group of organohalogen compounds containing bromine and fluorine and one or two carbons. The effectiveness of halons in extinguishing fires arises from their action in interrupting chain reactions that propagate the combustion process.

What is the triangle of fire?

The triangle illustrates the three elements a fire needs to ignite: heat, fuel, and an oxidizing agent (usually oxygen). A fire naturally occurs when the elements are present and combined in the right mixture, meaning that fire is actually an event rather than a thing.

What extinguisher to use on electrical fires?

The layer of foam applied by these extinguishers helps to prevent re-ignition after the fire has been extinguished. CO2 fire extinguishers are suitable for use on flammable liquid fires and are extremely effective at extinguishing fire involving electrical equipment.

What is a wet riser system?

Dry/wet risers are often called Rising Mains) Dry riser: system of valves and pipework which enables the Fire Service to pump water on to upper floors of a building. Wet riser: system of valves and pipework which are kept permanently charged with water.

How does a dry type sprinkler system work?

A dry pipe sprinkler system is one in which pipes are filled with pressurized air or nitrogen, rather than water. This air holds a remote valve, known as a dry pipe valve, in a closed position. ... Water then enters the pipe, flowing through open sprinklers onto the fire.

How many sprinkler heads can be on one zone?

At different pressures, the sprinkler head and nozzle will consume different amounts of water. For example, at 35 pounds per square inch (PSI) the 5000 Series Rotor using the 3.0 nozzle will use 3.11 gallons per minute (GPM). If your home's water capacity was 10 GPM, you could place 3 heads per zone.

How many different classes of fire extinguishers are there?

There are four classes of fire extinguishers – A, B, C and D – and each class can put out a different type of fire. Multipurpose extinguishers can be used on different types of fires and will be labeled with more than one class, like A-B, B-C or A-B-C.

What is a Class D fire?

A Class D fire is characterised by the presence of burning metals. Only certain metals are flammable and examples of combustible metals include sodium, potassium, uranium, lithium, plutonium and calcium, with the most common Class D fires involve magnesium and titanium.

What is a foam educator and how does it work?

An educator is a device that uses the Venturi principle to introduce foam concentrate into the water stream. ... A metering valve is attached to an inlet to this chamber and when open allows the higher atmospheric pressure outside the chamber to push the foam concentrate into the chamber.

What is HFC 227ea fire extinguishing system?

Most fire suppression systems are designed to provide concentration of 6.25-9%. The HFC-227ea fire suppression agent was the first non-ozone depleting replacement for Halon 1301. ... As an aerosol propellant, HFC-227ea is used in pharmaceutical metered dose inhalers such as those used for dispensing asthma medication.

What is a Fe 36 fire extinguisher?

DuPont? FE-36? (HFC-236fa) is a new fire extinguishing agent that is replacing Halon 1211 in portable extinguishers and other streaming applications. FE-36? is noncorrosive, electrically nonconductive, free of residue, and has zero ozone-depletion potential (ODP).

What is meant by water mist system?

A water mist system is a fire protection system which uses very fine water sprays (i.e. water mist). The small water droplets allow the water mist to control, suppress or extinguish fires by: cooling both the flame and surrounding gases by evaporation.

What is hyper mist system?

The hyper mist or high pressure fog firefighting system is installed for all important ship's machinery systems in the engine room (ME. AE, Purifier, Boiler etc.). The high-pressure water mist/fog system provides water mist protection during emergencies to engine room areas and machinery spaces.