The Fight Against PFAS Contamination: EPA Mandates Detection and Removal from Drinking Water

On Wednesday, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) made a groundbreaking announcement: municipal utilities will now be required to detect and remove per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from drinking water. This marks a significant step in addressing a long-standing environmental and health concern. PFAS, often dubbed "forever chemicals," have been linked to a myriad of health issues and have persisted in the environment for decades. Following, we will explore the presence of PFAS, their impacts on the body, the EPA's delay in regulation, and the actions taken by activists to tackle this critical issue.

Where are PFAS Found?

PFAS are a group of man-made chemicals used in a variety of industries and consumer products. They have been used in non-stick cookware, water-resistant clothing, firefighting foam, and many other applications. PFAS are incredibly persistent in the environment, earning them the nickname "forever chemicals." They can accumulate in the soil, water, and air, and can even be found in the blood of wildlife and humans.

Health Effects of PFAS

According to the EPA, exposure to PFAS can have serious health implications. These chemicals have been linked to liver and immune system damage, as well as an increased risk of certain cancers, such as prostate, kidney, and testicular cancers. Furthermore, PFAS exposure has been associated with low birth weight, birth defects, and developmental delays. Recent research has also revealed new concerns, including a delay in the onset of puberty in girls, leading to a higher incidence of breast cancer, renal disease, and thyroid disease. PFAS exposure has also been linked to a decrease in bone density in teenagers, potentially leading to osteoporosis, and an increased risk of Type 2 diabetes in women.

The Hidden Dangers of PFAS: Adverse Effects on the Skin

The detrimental effects of PFAS on the skin are frequently underestimated and not widely discussed. Whether absorbed through the skin or ingested, PFAS can cause significant damage, resulting in various skin problems.

Topical Exposure to PFAS

PFAS can be found in a variety of personal care and consumer products, including cosmetics, skincare products, and textiles. When applied topically, PFAS can penetrate the skin and enter the bloodstream, where they can accumulate over time. This can lead to a range of skin issues, including irritation, dryness, and allergic reactions. PFAS have also been linked to more serious skin conditions, such as eczema, psoriasis, and acne.

Impact of PFAS on Skin Health

One of the key concerns regarding PFAS exposure is its impact on the skin's barrier function. The skin acts as a protective barrier, preventing harmful substances from entering the body. However, PFAS can disrupt this barrier, making the skin more susceptible to damage from environmental factors such as UV radiation and pollutants. This can lead to increased skin sensitivity, inflammation, and a higher risk of developing skin cancer.

PFAS in Water: A Hidden Threat

In addition to topical exposure, PFAS can also enter the body through water. Many municipal water supplies contain large amounts of PFAS, which can be absorbed through the skin during activities such as showering or bathing. Once in the bloodstream, PFAS can affect the skin's health in much the same way as topical exposure, leading to irritation, dryness, and other dermatological issues.

Mechanisms of Harm

The adverse effects of PFAS on the skin can be attributed to several mechanisms. Firstly, PFAS can disrupt the skin's lipid barrier, which is essential for maintaining hydration and protecting against environmental damage. This can lead to dryness, flakiness, and increased sensitivity. Additionally, PFAS have been shown to interfere with the skin's immune response, making it more susceptible to infections and inflammatory conditions.

Delay in Regulation

Despite the known risks associated with PFAS, the EPA has been criticized for its delay in regulating these chemicals. Environmental advocates argue that PFAS contamination should have been addressed much sooner. Ken Cook, president, and co-founder of the Environmental Working Group, a nonprofit advocacy group, stated, "For generations, PFAS chemicals slid off every federal environmental law like a fried egg off a Teflon pan." Activists attribute this delay to the actions of chemical companies, which allegedly hid evidence of the dangers of PFAS. Lawsuits and a peer-reviewed study published in the Annals of Global Health have revealed previously secret industry documents that suggest a concerted effort to conceal the risks associated with PFAS.

The EPA's recent mandate regarding PFAS in drinking water is a critical step in addressing a pervasive environmental and health issue. PFAS pose a serious threat to human health, the environment, and skin health, both through topical exposure and ingestion. These chemicals are know to cause a variety of cancers and disrupt the skin's barrier function, leading to a range of dermatological issues. It is essential to take steps to minimize exposure to PFAS and protect skin health. By being mindful of the products we use and the water we consume, we can reduce our risk of experiencing the adverse effects of PFAS on the skin.