Field gas stations, unmanned systems, disaster response guides, and the Asia-Pacific family
Michael Horlick, MPM, M Ed., PMP
Educator, Ethicist, and Incurable Idealist
Terms to note from recent PRC Ministry of National Defense press events
Current quote:
去年底以来，两军顺利举行一系列交流合作活动，为推动两军关系稳下来、好起来发挥了积极作用。希望美方与中方相向而行，把以和为贵、以稳为重、以信为本作为两军交往的基本遵循，在平等和尊重基础上，构建不冲突不对抗、开放务实合作、逐步积累互信的两军关系，真正当好两国关系发展的稳定基石。?
Since the end of last year, the two militaries have conducted a series of exchanges and cooperation, which plays a positive role in stabilizing and improving the relationship. We hope the US side will work with us in the same direction, value peace, stability and trust as the basic principles of exchanges, and, on the basis of equality and respect, build a military-to-military relationship featuring no conflict, no confrontation, open and pragmatic cooperation and gradual accumulation of mutual trust, so as to truly serve as a stabilizer of bilateral relations.? (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on April 25, 2024)?
Previous PRC history of the term:
?? 2024年4月2日晚，国家主席习近平应约同美国总统拜登通电话。... 习近平指出，今年的中美关系要坚持几条大的原则。一是以和为贵，坚守不冲突不对抗的底线，不断提升对中美关系的正面预期。二是以稳为重，不折腾、不挑事、不越界，保持中美关系总体稳定。三是以信为本，用行动兑现各自承诺，将“旧金山愿景”转为“实景”。双方要以相互尊重的方式加强对话，以慎重的态度管控分歧，以互惠的精神推进合作，以负责的担当加强国际协调。?
On the evening of April 2 [2024], President Xi Jinping spoke with U.S. President Joe Biden on the phone at the request of the latter. ... President Xi Jinping underlined three overarching principles that should guide China-U.S. relations in 2024. First, peace must be valued. The two sides should put a floor of no conflict and no confrontation under the relationship, and keep reinforcing the positive outlook of the relationship. Second, stability must be prioritized. The two sides should refrain from setting the relationship back, provoking incident or crossing the line, so as to maintain the overall stability of the relationship. Third, credibility must be upheld. The two sides should honor their commitments to each other with action, and turn the San Francisco vision into reality. They need to strengthen dialogue in a mutually respectful way, manage differences prudently, advance cooperation in the spirit of mutual benefit, and step up coordination on international affairs in a responsible way.? (President Xi Jinping Speaks with U.S. President Joe Biden on the Phone_2024_04_02)?
?? 2024促进大国协调和良性互动，推动构建和平共处、总体稳定、均衡发展的大国关系格局。大国在维护国际和平与安全上承担特殊重要责任。倡导大国带头讲平等、讲诚信、讲合作、讲法治，带头遵守《联合国宪章》和国际法。坚持相互尊重、和平共处、合作共赢，坚守不冲突不对抗的底线，求同存异、管控分歧。?
Promote coordination and sound interaction among major countries and build a major country relationship featuring peaceful coexistence, overall stability and balanced development. Major countries shoulder particularly important responsibilities of maintaining international peace and security. Call on major countries to lead by example in honoring equality, good faith, cooperation and the rule of law, and in complying with the UN Charter and international law. Adhere to mutual respect, peaceful coexistence and win-win cooperation, stick to the bottom line of no conflict and no confrontation, seek common ground while reserving differences, and manage differences.? (The Global Security Initiative Concept Paper_全球安全倡议概念文件_2023_02_21)?
?? 2024不冲突不对抗是双方必须坚守的底线，美方提出中美可“共存”，还可加上两个字，即和平共处。?
No conflict and no confrontation is a line that both sides must hold. The US side has suggested coexistence between China and the US. One more word can be added to make it peaceful coexistence.? (Xi_Jinping_Virtual Meeting with US President Joe Biden_习近平同美国总统拜登举行视频会晤_2021_11_16)?
?? 2024中国按照不冲突不对抗、相互尊重、合作共赢的原则，积极稳妥处理同美国的军事关系，努力使两军关系成为两国关系的稳定器，为推进以协调、合作、稳定为基调的中美关系作出贡献。?
China actively and properly handles its military relationship with?the US in accordance with the principles of non-conflict, non-confrontation, mutual respect and win-win cooperation. It strives to make the military-to-military relationship a stabilizer for the relations between the two countries and hence contribute to the China-US relationship based on coordination, cooperation and stability.? (White_Paper_China's National Defense in the New Era_《新时代的中国国防》_2019_07_24)
根据中国和孟加拉国两国军队共识，中国人民解放军陆军将派分队于5月上旬赴孟加拉国，与孟陆军分队举行“金色友谊-2024”陆军联合训练。此次联训以联合国维和行动反恐作战为背景，双方将采取混编同训模式，共同组织公交车反劫持和恐怖分子营地清剿等科目演练。此系中孟两军首次举行联合训练，有利于增进两军相互了解与友谊，深化双方务实交流合作。?
According to the consensus between Chinese and Bangladesh militaries, the PLA Army will send a team to Bangladesh in the first half of May to hold a joint army exercise codenamed “Golden Friendship-2024" with the Bangladesh army. The joint exercise takes counter-terrorism in UN peacekeeping operations as the scenario, and troops from the two sides will conduct joint training in mixed groups and on subjects including bus anti-hijacking, clearance of terrorists camps, etc. It is the first time for the Chinese and Bangladesh militaries to conduct joint training, which will enhance mutual understanding and friendship, and deepen practical exchanges and cooperation between the two sides.? (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on April 25, 2024)
Current quote:
美印太总部司令近日称，中国大陆的目标是在2027年前具备“攻台”能力，中俄在印太地区共同开展的军事活动不断增加。?
According to Admiral John C. Aquilino, Commander of US Indo-Pacific Command, Chinese mainland may have the capability to "attack Taiwan" by force by 2027. He also mentioned about the increased joint military activities between China and Russia in the Indo-Pacific region.? (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on April 25, 2024)?
Previous PRC history of the term:
?? 美国中情局局长近期称，中方已命令解放军为2027年前攻台做好准备。?
The director of the US Central Intelligence Agency recently claimed that the PLA has been ordered to get ready for attacking Taiwan before 2027.? (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on February 23, 2023)?
?? 2024据报道，美国国会下属的“美中经济与安全评估委员会”近日发布年度报告，建议评估加强台湾防务的方法，增强美在大陆攻台时的拒止能力。?
It is reported that the US-China Economic and Security Review Commission under the US Congress recently released its annual report, proposing to review the measures in strengthening the defense of Taiwan and enhancing the US denial capabilities against the mainland’s attack on Taiwan.? (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on November 24, 2022)?
?? 2024据报道，22日，德国外交部长贝尔伯克接受采访时称，中国不再接受“一国两制”，德国须像美国一样认真对待中国大陆的“攻台”宣言，因此德美共同制定了北约战略；德国要与伙伴国家一起，减少对华经济依赖。?
It is reported that German Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock said in an interview on July 22 [2022] that China no longer accepts One Country, Two Systems, Germany should take China’s declaration on “attacking Taiwan” seriously just like the US and this is why Germany and the US worked out the strategy of NATO. Baerbock also said that Germany will work with partners to reduce economic dependency on China.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on July 25, 2022)
Current quote:
中国对南海诸岛及其附近海域拥有无可争辩的主权，这有着充分的历史和法理依据。菲律宾的领土范围是由1898年《美西和平条约》、1900年《美西关于菲律宾外围岛屿割让的条约》及1930年《关于划定英属北婆罗洲与美属菲律宾之间的边界条约》等一系列国际条约确定，从未包括中国南沙群岛和黄岩岛，菲方对此是心知肚明的。?
China has indisputable sovereignty over Nanhai Zhudao and its adjacent waters, which is solidly grounded in history and the law. The scope of the Philippines' territory is defined by the 1898 Treaty of Peace Between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Spain (Treaty of Paris), the 1900 Treaty Between the Kingdom of Spain and the United States of America for Cession of Outlying Islands of the Philippines (Treaty of Washington) and the 1930 Convention Between the United States of America and Great Britain Delimiting the Boundary Between the Philippine Archipelago and the State of North Borneo (1930 Convention between the U.S. and UK) and a series of international treaties. Nansha Qundao and Huangyan Dao are far beyond the scope of Philippine territory defined by the above-mentioned treaties. The Philippine side knows all these very well.? (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on April 25, 2024)?
Previous PRC history of the term:
?? 菲律宾的领土范围是由包括1898年《美西和平条约》、1900年《美西关于菲律宾外围岛屿割让的条约》、1930年《关于划定英属北婆罗洲与美属菲律宾之间的边界条约》在内的一系列国际条约确定的，黄岩岛从来不在菲律宾的领土范围之内。菲方以黄岩岛距离菲律宾较近为由主张对黄岩岛的主权，或以黄岩岛位于菲专属经济区为由主张主权权利和管辖权，均不符合国际法。?
The territory of the Philippines is defined by a series of international treaties, including the 1898 Treaty of Peace between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Spain, the 1900 Treaty between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Spain for Cession of Outlying Islands of the Philippines, and the 1930 Convention between His Majesty in Respect of the United Kingdom and the President of the United States regarding the Boundary between the State of North Borneo and the Philippine Archipelago. Huangyan Dao is beyond the limits of Philippine territory. It is inconsistent with international law for the Philippines to claim sovereignty over Huangyan Dao on the grounds of its comparative proximity to Philippine territory, or claim sovereign rights and jurisdiction on the grounds that Huangyan Dao is within the Philippine exclusive economic zone.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on February 2, 2024)?
?? 2024菲律宾的领土范围是由包括1898年《美西和平条约》（《巴黎条约》）、1900年《美西关于菲律宾外围岛屿割让的条约》（《华盛顿条约》）、1930年《关于划定英属北婆罗洲与美属菲律宾之间的边界条约》在内的一系列国际条约确定的。
The territory of the Philippines is defined by a series of international treaties, including the 1898 Treaty of Peace between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Spain (the Treaty of Paris), the 1900 Treaty between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Spain for Cession of Outlying Islands of the Philippines (the Treaty of Washington), and the 1930 Convention between His Majesty in Respect of the United Kingdom and the President of the United States regarding the Boundary between the State of North Borneo and the Philippine Archipelago.? (White_Paper_Settling Through Negotiation the Relevant Disputes Between China and the Philippines in the South China Sea_《中国坚持通过谈判解决中国与菲律宾在南海的有关争议》_2016_07_13)
Current quote:
据报道，台军近期举行“汉光40号”演习计算机兵棋推演，演练时间由以往的五天四晚，延长为八天七晚。值得注意的是，台军将在今年演习中，首次纳入所谓应对“大陆滚装船威胁”的想定。?
It is reported that Taiwan's military recently conducted the Han Kuang-40 exercise, a computerized war game, and the duration of the exercise has been extended to eight days and seven nights compared with five days and four nights in previous years. It is also worth noting that Taiwan's military has included for the first time the scenario of coping with the threat from the Chinese mainland's roll-on/roll-off ships in this year's exercise.? (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on April 25, 2024)?
Previous PRC history of the term:
?? 。。。加强运输保障，促进汽车企业与航运企业开展中长期战略合作，鼓励航运公司加快建设滚装船队，扩大汽车出口运力。?
... to strengthen transport security, promote medium to long-term strategic cooperation between auto enterprises and shipping enterprises, encourage shipping companies to speed up the construction of roll-on roll-off fleet to expand the car export capacity.? (MOFCOM Regular Press Conference_May 25, 2023)
Current quote:
?4月21日至24日，中国海军在山东青岛承办西太平洋海军论坛第19届年会，29个国家海军（海上防务部门）代表团约180人参会，中央军委副主席张又侠出席开幕式并致辞。会上，中外代表围绕论坛重要事项深入交换意见，达成广泛共识，讨论和表决通过了《海上意外相遇规则（3.0版）》和《灾害响应指南》情况更新等议题，深入研讨了修订《西太平洋海军论坛章程》、成立无人系统议题研究工作组并由中国担任协调国等议题。?
From April 21 to 24 [2024], the PLA Navy held the 19th Western Pacific Naval Symposium (WPNS) in Qingdao, Shandong Province. Over 180 delegates from 29 navies or maritime defense department attended the event. General Zhang Youxia, vice chairman of the CMC attended the opening ceremony and delivered a speech. Chinese and foreign delegates had in-depth discussions and reached broad consensus on major issues related to the symposium. They have discussed, voted and adopted the third edition of the Code for Unplanned Encounters at Sea (CUES) and the update of the Disaster Response Guide (DRG), and held in-depth discussions on topics such as the revision of the WPNS Business Charter, and the establishment of a research working group on unmanned systems with the Chinese side serving as the coordinator.? (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on April 25, 2024)?
Previous PRC history of the term:
?? 1月16日至18日，中国海军在南京承办西太平洋海军论坛2024年工作小组会，会议采取线下和线上相结合的方式展开，论坛23个成员国和7个观察员国约70名代表参会。此次会议就论坛《章程》修订、《海上意外相遇规则》使用情况、成立无人系统议题研究工作组并由中方担任协调国等10项议题，进行了友好、坦诚、建设性地研讨交流，形成一系列初步成果，并将提交论坛年会审议表决。?
The PLA Navy (PLAN) hosted the Western Pacific Naval Symposium Workshop in Nanjing from January 16 to 18 [2024]. The meeting, with both in-person and online participation, was attended by about 70 delegates from 23 WPNS member states and 7 observer states. The delegates had friendly, candid and constructive discussions on 10 subjects including the revision of the WPNS Business Charter, the use of the Code for Unplanned Encounters at Sea (CUES), and the establishment of a working group on unmanned system studies, with the Chinese side as the coordinator. A number of preliminary deliverables were agreed and will be submitted to the 19th biennial meeting for deliberation and vote.? (Regular Press Conference of China's Ministry of National Defense on January 25, 2024)?
?? 20242014年中国推动在华举行的西太平洋海军论坛年会通过《海上意外相遇规则》。?
In 2014 China presided over the adoption of the updated Code for Unplanned Encounters at Sea at the Western Pacific Naval Symposium held in China.? (White_Paper_China's Policies on Asia-Pacific Security Cooperation_《中国的亚太安全合作政策》_2017_01_11)
根据中国和孟加拉国两国军队共识，中国人民解放军陆军将派分队于5月上旬赴孟加拉国，与孟陆军分队举行“金色友谊-2024”陆军联合训练。此次联训以联合国维和行动反恐作战为背景，双方将采取混编同训模式，共同组织公交车反劫持和恐怖分子营地清剿等科目演练。此系中孟两军首次举行联合训练，有利于增进两军相互了解与友谊，深化双方务实交流合作。?
According to the consensus between Chinese and Bangladesh militaries, the PLA Army will send a team to Bangladesh in the first half of May to hold a joint army exercise codenamed “Golden Friendship-2024" with the Bangladesh army. The joint exercise takes counter-terrorism in UN peacekeeping operations as the scenario, and troops from the two sides will conduct joint training in mixed groups and on subjects including bus anti-hijacking, clearance of terrorists camps, etc. It is the first time for the Chinese and Bangladesh militaries to conduct joint training, which will enhance mutual understanding and friendship, and deepen practical exchanges and cooperation between the two sides.? (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on April 25, 2024)
Current quote:
美日同盟是冷战产物和双边安排，不应针对第三方，也不应破坏地区和平稳定。日本曾步入军国主义歧途，发动侵略战争，犯下严重反人类罪行，给地区和世界带来深重灾难。日本非但不认真反省，反而再次表现出强军扩武的危险态势。一段时间以来，美日加紧军事勾连，渲染阵营对抗，以莫须有的“中国威胁”为借口，搞有针对性的“小圈子”，完全是逆时代潮流而动，只会让世人越来越看清美日同盟危害地区和平稳定的图谋。我们敦促有关国家停止制造对立对抗，否则只会推高地区紧张，最终反噬自身。?
US-Japan Alliance is a product of the Cold War and a bilateral arrangement. It should not target any third party, still less undermine regional peace and stability. Japan's militarist past, marked by devastating wars of aggression and brutal crimes against humanity, brought untold suffering on this region and the world. Instead of drawing serious lessons from its past, Japan has displayed a dangerous tendency of rearming itself. For some time, the US and Japan have strengthened military collusion, hyped up bloc confrontation, and used the non-existent "China threat" as an excuse to piece together targeted cliques, which goes against the trend of the times. The international community is increasingly aware of the vicious intentions of US-Japan Alliance to undermine regional peace and stability. We urge relevant countries to stop creating antagonism and confrontation, otherwise they will only further escalate tensions and end up harming themselves.? (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on April 25, 2024)?
Previous PRC history of the term:
?? 美日同盟是冷战产物和双边安排，不应超出双边范畴，更不应针对第三方或损害第三方利益。我们坚决反对有关国家以莫须有的“中国威胁”为借口，搞针对性的“小圈子”，打“中国牌”治不好这些国家自身的病。?
The US-Japan alliance is a product of the Cold War and a bilateral arrangement. It should not go beyond its bilateral scope, still less target or undermine the interests of any third party. We firmly oppose relevant countries using the non-existent "China threat" as an excuse to piece together targeted cliques. Playing the "China Card" is no cure for the ills of these countries.? (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on March 28, 2024)
Current quote:
中国对南海诸岛及其附近海域拥有无可争辩的主权，这有着充分的历史和法理依据。菲律宾的领土范围是由1898年《美西和平条约》、1900年《美西关于菲律宾外围岛屿割让的条约》及1930年《关于划定英属北婆罗洲与美属菲律宾之间的边界条约》等一系列国际条约确定，从未包括中国南沙群岛和黄岩岛，菲方对此是心知肚明的。?
China has indisputable sovereignty over Nanhai Zhudao and its adjacent waters, which is solidly grounded in history and the law. The scope of the Philippines' territory is defined by the 1898 Treaty of Peace Between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Spain (Treaty of Paris), the 1900 Treaty Between the Kingdom of Spain and the United States of America for Cession of Outlying Islands of the Philippines (Treaty of Washington) and the 1930 Convention Between the United States of America and Great Britain Delimiting the Boundary Between the Philippine Archipelago and the State of North Borneo (1930 Convention between the U.S. and UK) and a series of international treaties. Nansha Qundao and Huangyan Dao are far beyond the scope of Philippine territory defined by the above-mentioned treaties. The Philippine side knows all these very well.? (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on April 25, 2024)?
Previous PRC history of the term:
?? 菲律宾的领土范围是由包括1898年《美西和平条约》、1900年《美西关于菲律宾外围岛屿割让的条约》、1930年《关于划定英属北婆罗洲与美属菲律宾之间的边界条约》在内的一系列国际条约确定的，黄岩岛从来不在菲律宾的领土范围之内。菲方以黄岩岛距离菲律宾较近为由主张对黄岩岛的主权，或以黄岩岛位于菲专属经济区为由主张主权权利和管辖权，均不符合国际法。?
The territory of the Philippines is defined by a series of international treaties, including the 1898 Treaty of Peace between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Spain, the 1900 Treaty between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Spain for Cession of Outlying Islands of the Philippines, and the 1930 Convention between His Majesty in Respect of the United Kingdom and the President of the United States regarding the Boundary between the State of North Borneo and the Philippine Archipelago. Huangyan Dao is beyond the limits of Philippine territory. It is inconsistent with international law for the Philippines to claim sovereignty over Huangyan Dao on the grounds of its comparative proximity to Philippine territory, or claim sovereign rights and jurisdiction on the grounds that Huangyan Dao is within the Philippine exclusive economic zone.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on February 2, 2024)?
?? 2024菲律宾的领土范围是由包括1898年《美西和平条约》（《巴黎条约》）、1900年《美西关于菲律宾外围岛屿割让的条约》（《华盛顿条约》）、1930年《关于划定英属北婆罗洲与美属菲律宾之间的边界条约》在内的一系列国际条约确定的。?
The territory of the Philippines is defined by a series of international treaties, including the 1898 Treaty of Peace between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Spain (the Treaty of Paris), the 1900 Treaty between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Spain for Cession of Outlying Islands of the Philippines (the Treaty of Washington), and the 1930 Convention between His Majesty in Respect of the United Kingdom and the President of the United States regarding the Boundary between the State of North Borneo and the Philippine Archipelago.? (White_Paper_Settling Through Negotiation the Relevant Disputes Between China and the Philippines in the South China Sea_《中国坚持通过谈判解决中国与菲律宾在南海的有关争议》_2016_07_13)
Current quote:
中国对南海诸岛及其附近海域拥有无可争辩的主权，这有着充分的历史和法理依据。菲律宾的领土范围是由1898年《美西和平条约》、1900年《美西关于菲律宾外围岛屿割让的条约》及1930年《关于划定英属北婆罗洲与美属菲律宾之间的边界条约》等一系列国际条约确定，从未包括中国南沙群岛和黄岩岛，菲方对此是心知肚明的。?
China has indisputable sovereignty over Nanhai Zhudao and its adjacent waters, which is solidly grounded in history and the law. The scope of the Philippines' territory is defined by the 1898 Treaty of Peace Between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Spain (Treaty of Paris), the 1900 Treaty Between the Kingdom of Spain and the United States of America for Cession of Outlying Islands of the Philippines (Treaty of Washington) and the 1930 Convention Between the United States of America and Great Britain Delimiting the Boundary Between the Philippine Archipelago and the State of North Borneo (1930 Convention between the U.S. and UK) and a series of international treaties. Nansha Qundao and Huangyan Dao are far beyond the scope of Philippine territory defined by the above-mentioned treaties. The Philippine side knows all these very well.? (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on April 25, 2024)?
Previous PRC history of the term:
?? 菲律宾的领土范围是由包括1898年《美西和平条约》、1900年《美西关于菲律宾外围岛屿割让的条约》、1930年《关于划定英属北婆罗洲与美属菲律宾之间的边界条约》在内的一系列国际条约确定的，黄岩岛从来不在菲律宾的领土范围之内。菲方以黄岩岛距离菲律宾较近为由主张对黄岩岛的主权，或以黄岩岛位于菲专属经济区为由主张主权权利和管辖权，均不符合国际法。?
The territory of the Philippines is defined by a series of international treaties, including the 1898 Treaty of Peace between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Spain, the 1900 Treaty between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Spain for Cession of Outlying Islands of the Philippines, and the 1930 Convention between His Majesty in Respect of the United Kingdom and the President of the United States regarding the Boundary between the State of North Borneo and the Philippine Archipelago. Huangyan Dao is beyond the limits of Philippine territory. It is inconsistent with international law for the Philippines to claim sovereignty over Huangyan Dao on the grounds of its comparative proximity to Philippine territory, or claim sovereign rights and jurisdiction on the grounds that Huangyan Dao is within the Philippine exclusive economic zone.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on February 2, 2024)?
?? 2024菲律宾领土范围由1898年《美西和平条约》以及1900年、1930年一系列国际条约确定，包括仁爱礁在内的南沙群岛及黄岩岛不在其领土范围之内。?
领英推荐
The territorial limits of the Philippines are defined by a series of international treaties, including the Treaty of Paris, signed in 1898, and subsequent treaties in 1900 and 1930. The Nansha Islands, including Ren'ai Reef and Huangyan Island, are not within the territorial limits of the Philippines.? (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on September 28, 2023)?
?? 2024菲律宾的领土范围是由包括1898年《美西和平条约》（《巴黎条约》）、1900年《美西关于菲律宾外围岛屿割让的条约》（《华盛顿条约》）、1930年《关于划定英属北婆罗洲与美属菲律宾之间的边界条约》在内的一系列国际条约确定的。?
The territory of the Philippines is defined by a series of international treaties, including the 1898 Treaty of Peace between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Spain (the Treaty of Paris), the 1900 Treaty between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Spain for Cession of Outlying Islands of the Philippines (the Treaty of Washington), and the 1930 Convention between His Majesty in Respect of the United Kingdom and the President of the United States regarding the Boundary between the State of North Borneo and the Philippine Archipelago.? (White_Paper_Settling Through Negotiation the Relevant Disputes Between China and the Philippines in the South China Sea_《中国坚持通过谈判解决中国与菲律宾在南海的有关争议》_2016_07_13)
Current quote:
但需要强调指出的是，二战期间，侵华日军公然违反国际法和人类基本道德准则，制造了灭绝人性的南京大屠杀，还对中国人民发动了令人发指的细菌战，进行了惨无人道的人体活体实验，犯下了反人类的滔天罪行，在人类文明史上留下最黑暗的一页，铁证如山，不容否认和抵赖。?
But I want to emphasize that during WWII, in blatant violation of international law and basic ethics of humanity, the Japanese invaders launched the inhuman Nanjing Massacre and horrendous bacterial warfare against the Chinese people. They conducted barbaric in vivo experiments on humans and committed heinous crimes against humanity. Their act of aggression is the darkest part of human history. The evidence is iron-clad and there is no room for denial.?(Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on April 25, 2024)?
Previous PRC history of the term:
?? 日方近期多次以所谓“地区安全形势严峻”为由试图突破“专守防卫”，并将军事对抗的矛头指向周边国家，这是极其错误和危险的行为。日本军国主义当年发动的侵略战争，给包括中国在内的地区国家人民带来深重灾难，伤痛记忆至今犹在。刚刚过去的12月13日，是南京大屠杀死难者国家公祭日。国殇须臾不容忘却，家园安宁必须守护。中华儿女、中国军队决不允许这种历史悲剧重现于任何一寸中国土地、任何一位骨肉同胞身上。?
Recently, the Japanese side has tried to break through the "exclusively defense-oriented" policy on the grounds of so-called "severe regional security environment" and pointed the spear of military confrontation at neighboring countries. This is an extremely wrong and dangerous act. The war of aggression launched by Japanese militarists in the past brought serious disasters to the people of countries in the region, including China, and the painful memories remain unforgotten. In this month, December 13 marks China's National Memorial Day for Nanjing Massacre Victims. The national tragedy shall never be forgotten, and the tranquility of our homeland must be guarded at all costs. The Chinese people and the Chinese military will never allow such historical tragedy to recur on any inch of the Chinese land or any single compatriot.? (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on December 30, 2021)?
?? 2024我们还举行了纪念全民族抗战爆发80周年仪式和南京大屠杀死难者国家公祭仪式，以铭记历史、祈愿和平。?
We also held a ceremony in commemoration of the 80th anniversary of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and a state memorial ceremony for the victims of the Nanjing Massacre, to remember history and to pray for peace.? (Xi_Jinping_New Year speech_2017)
Current quote:
同时，今年也是中国人民解放军海军成立75周年，海军各级机关和部队举办了隆重升国旗仪式、致敬海军英雄仪式、军营和舰艇开放等主题鲜明、内容丰富的活动，全面反映新时代新征程人民海军逐梦万里海天的新气象新风貌，充分展示人民海军聚焦实现建军一百年奋斗目标、全面建成世界一流海军的新作为新成就。?
This year [2024] also marks the 75th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy. Naval organs and units at various levels held a series of themed and diversified activities including national flag-raising ceremonies, ceremonies to salute the naval heroes, military camp and vessel open days, etc. These activities fully demonstrated the new look of the people's navy in pursuing its dreams in the new era, and its new achievements in fulfilling the PLA's centenary goal and elevating the PLA Navy to world-class standards.? (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on April 25, 2024)?
Previous PRC history of the term:
?? 今年4月23日前后，海军将以“扬帆新时代、奋进新征程”为主题，组织开展海军成立纪念日系列宣传教育活动。期间，将在海军各部队举行升国旗仪式，在青岛海军博物馆举行致敬人民海军英雄仪式，在青岛、大连、上海、舟山、广州、湛江等地开展舰艇开放活动，邀请驻华海军武官团赴海军部队和院校参观访问，在青岛大剧院和五四广场举行海军军乐音乐会，组织“战舰与城市”论坛和“海疆万里行”海防教育等双拥共建活动，并同步开展城市户外灯光主题展示和主题宣传报道。?
The PLA Navy will organize a series of publicity and education activities under the theme of "Set Sail for a New Era and Forge Ahead on a New Journey" around April 23, 2023. During this period, all naval units will hold national flag-raising ceremonies. A special event to salute the naval heroes will be held at the PLA Naval Museum in Qingdao City, Shandong Province. Vessel open days are to be held in Qingdao, Dalian, Shanghai, Zhoushan, Guangzhou, Zhanjiang and other cities. Foreign naval attachés in China will be invited to visit naval troops and academies. Besides, naval military music concerts will be held at the Grand Theatre and May Fourth Square in Qingdao. Featured activities including "Warship and City" forum and coastal defense education program under the theme of "Journey across China's Territorial Waters" are devised to promote mutual support between the military and the government and between the military and the people. And, other theme events like municipal outdoor light exhibition and public communication activities will also be carried out during this period.? (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on March 30, 2023)
?? 2024常态开展慰老爱幼、义务植树、无偿献血、国防教育进校园、香港中小学升国旗仪式培训等活动，组织军营开放31次、接待香港市民80万余人次，持续开办香港青少年军事夏令营和大学生军事生活体验营、累计培训5800余人次，建成开放驻香港部队展览中心，应邀为香港纪律部队组织队列培训，爱港亲民的坚实足迹不断向前延伸。?
The PLA Hong Kong Garrison has regularly carried out activities such as visiting the elderly and caring for the young, voluntary tree planting and voluntary blood donation, national defense education in local schools, and training on national flag-raising ceremonies in Hong Kong primary and secondary schools. The garrison has opened military camps to the public 31 times, with visits by over 800,000 Hong Kong citizens, hosted annually military summer camps for middle school students and military life experience camps for college students with more than 5,800 students getting trained, built and opened the PLA Hong Kong Garrison Exhibition Center, and organized formation training for the Hong Kong Disciplined Services at invitation. In all, its solid footprint of loving Hong Kong and being amiable to the people has kept moving forward.? (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on July 28, 2022)
Current quote:
台湾是中国领土，台湾问题不容任何外来干涉。在捍卫国家主权和领土完整问题上，解放军始终保持“时刻准备着”的战斗姿态。?
Taiwan is China's territory and the Taiwan question brooks no external interference. The PLA will stay in a combat-ready posture to safeguard our sovereignty and territorial integrity. As for your second question, as long as there is no attempt to seek "Taiwan independence", there is no need to worry.? (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on April 25, 2024)?
Previous PRC history of the term:
?? 中国人民解放军全时待战、随时能战，将以“时刻准备着”的战斗姿态挫败任何外部势力干涉、粉碎任何“台独”分裂图谋。?
The PLA is ready for operations at all times. We will stay in a combat-ready posture, thwart any foreign interference and smash any separatist attempts for "Taiwan independence".? (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on March 28, 2024)?
?? 2024新年度新征程，全军官兵将深入贯彻习近平强军思想，以“时刻准备着”的战斗姿态投入实战化军事训练，坚决完成党和人民赋予的新时代使命任务。?
On our new journey in the new year, service members will thoroughly follow Xi Jinping Thought on Strengthening the Military, conduct realistic military training in a combat-ready posture, and resolutely fulfill the missions and tasks entrusted by the Party and the people in the new era.? (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on December 28, 2023)
Current quote:
报道，美总统国家安全事务助理近日称，美国将“采取一切措施维护台海和平稳定”，确保“台湾有事”永不会发生，将继续为台湾提供自卫手段。美国常务副国务卿称，美英澳之间的“奥库斯”潜艇协议将促进台海和平稳定。?
It is reported that the U.S. National Security Advisor recently said the US is prepared to do their part to contribute to peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait, and will ensure the "Taiwan contingency" never comes to pass, and continue to provide self-defense approaches to Taiwan. According to the Deputy Secretary of State, the AUKUS submarine agreement reached among the US, the UK and Australia will promote cross-Strait peace and stability.?(Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on April 25, 2024)?
Previous PRC history of the term:
?? “台湾有事”源自美国搅事。如果美方真想维护台海和平稳定，那就应立即停止干涉中国内政，立即停止武装台湾，立即停止一切美台官方往来和军事联系。?
"Taiwan contingency" results from the US stirring up troubles. If the US truly wants to maintain peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait, it should immediately stop interfering in China's internal affairs, immediately stop arming Taiwan, and immediately stop any official exchanges and military contacts with Taiwan.? (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on April 25, 2024)
4月21日至24日，中国海军在山东青岛承办西太平洋海军论坛第19届年会，29个国家海军（海上防务部门）代表团约180人参会，中央军委副主席张又侠出席开幕式并致辞。会上，中外代表围绕论坛重要事项深入交换意见，达成广泛共识，讨论和表决通过了《海上意外相遇规则（3.0版）》和《灾害响应指南》情况更新等议题，深入研讨了修订《西太平洋海军论坛章程》、成立无人系统议题研究工作组并由中国担任协调国等议题。?
From April 21 to 24 [2024], the PLA Navy held the 19th Western Pacific Naval Symposium (WPNS) in Qingdao, Shandong Province. Over 180 delegates from 29 navies or maritime defense department attended the event. General Zhang Youxia, vice chairman of the CMC attended the opening ceremony and delivered a speech. Chinese and foreign delegates had in-depth discussions and reached broad consensus on major issues related to the symposium. They have discussed, voted and adopted the third edition of the Code for Unplanned Encounters at Sea (CUES) and the update of the Disaster Response Guide (DRG), and held in-depth discussions on topics such as the revision of the WPNS Business Charter, and the establishment of a research working group on unmanned systems with the Chinese side serving as the coordinator.? (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on April 25, 2024)
4月21日至24日，中国海军在山东青岛承办西太平洋海军论坛第19届年会，29个国家海军（海上防务部门）代表团约180人参会，中央军委副主席张又侠出席开幕式并致辞。会上，中外代表围绕论坛重要事项深入交换意见，达成广泛共识，讨论和表决通过了《海上意外相遇规则（3.0版）》和《灾害响应指南》情况更新等议题，深入研讨了修订《西太平洋海军论坛章程》、成立无人系统议题研究工作组并由中国担任协调国等议题。?
From April 21 to 24 [2024], the PLA Navy held the 19th Western Pacific Naval Symposium (WPNS) in Qingdao, Shandong Province. Over 180 delegates from 29 navies or maritime defense department attended the event. General Zhang Youxia, vice chairman of the CMC attended the opening ceremony and delivered a speech. Chinese and foreign delegates had in-depth discussions and reached broad consensus on major issues related to the symposium. They have discussed, voted and adopted the third edition of the Code for Unplanned Encounters at Sea (CUES) and the update of the Disaster Response Guide (DRG), and held in-depth discussions on topics such as the revision of the WPNS Business Charter, and the establishment of a research working group on unmanned systems with the Chinese side serving as the coordinator.? (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on April 25, 2024)
Current quote:
我们愿与各方共建团结进步的“亚太大家庭”，坚决反对任何形式的零和博弈和阵营对抗。?
China is willing to build an Asia-Pacific family featuring solidarity and progress and firmly opposes zero-sum game and block confrontation in any form.? (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on April 25, 2024)?
Previous PRC history of the term:
?? 亚太经合组织是亚太地区重要的经济合作机制。30年前，亚太地区领导人一致同意共建一个活力、和谐、繁荣的亚太大家庭，这一决定推动亚太发展和经济全球化进入快车道。?
APEC is an important mechanism for economic cooperation in the Asia-Pacific. Three decades ago, Asia-Pacific leaders agreed unanimously to build a dynamic, harmonious and prosperous Asia-Pacific community. This major decision enabled Asia-Pacific development and economic globalization to embark on a fast track of growth.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on November 17, 2023)?
?? 202430年前，面对冷战结束后“人类向何处去”的世界之问、历史之问、时代之问，亚太地区领导人顺应和平和发展的时代潮流，召开了首次亚太经合组织领导人非正式会议，一致同意超越集团对抗、零和博弈的旧思维，深化区域经济合作和一体化，致力于共建一个活力、和谐、繁荣的亚太大家庭。?
Three decades ago, where humanity should be headed in the post-Cold War era was the question of the world, of history and of the times in front of Asia-Pacific leaders. In response, they followed the trend toward peace and development, and convened the inaugural APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting. They agreed unanimously to rise above the outdated mentality of bloc confrontation and zero-sum game, deepen economic cooperation and integration in the region, and build a dynamic, harmonious and prosperous Asia-Pacific community.? (Xi_Jinping_Written Speech at the APEC CEO Summit_ Meeting Challenges with Unity of Purpose To Write a New Chapter for Asia-Pacific Cooperation_2023_11_16)?
?? 2024长期以来，广大工商界朋友是中国发展的亲历者、参与者，希望大家继续关心和支持中国发展，在合作中实现共赢，做亚太大家庭团结和繁荣的促进者、贡献者。?
Over the years, as business leaders, you have witnessed and participated in China's development. I hope that you will continue to take a keen interest in and support China's development, and achieve win-win in our cooperation. Working together, let us all be promoters of and contributors to unity and prosperity of the Asia-Pacific family.? (Xi_Jinping_Speech at the APEC CEO Summit_ 习近平在亚太经合组织工商领导人峰会上的主旨演讲_2021_11_11)?
?? 2024作为亚太大家庭中的重要一员，中国深知自身和平发展与亚太未来息息相关，一直以来以促进亚太繁荣稳定为己任。?
As an important member of the Asia-Pacific family, China is fully aware that its peaceful development is closely linked with the future of the region. China has all along taken the advancement of regional prosperity and stability as its own responsibility.? (White_Paper_China's Policies on Asia-Pacific Security Cooperation_《中国的亚太安全合作政策》_2017_01_11)
... 近日，广东省多地连降暴雨、大暴雨，北江等多条河流发生洪水，多地出现山洪和地质灾害，部分城镇局地内涝。 ... 截至24日20时，累计出动2195人次，参与山体滑坡救援、道路抢通、城市排涝等急难险重任务，紧急转移受灾群众3928人，开设野战加油站和应急发电站，为军地救灾车辆提供油料和用电保障，在抢险救灾中发挥了突击队、主力军作用。?
... many areas in Guangdong Province have experienced continuous heavy rainfall recently. Several rivers, including the Beijiang River, have flooded, Mountain floods and geological disasters occurred in multiple places and some towns and cities were partially waterlogged. ... As of 8 pm on April 24, a total of 2,195 personnel have been dispatched to participate in urgent, difficult, dangerous and arduous tasks such as rescuing the victims of landslides, clearing roads and draining floods from urban areas. They evacuated 3,928 residents affected by the disaster, set up field gas stations and emergency power stations to ensure fuel and electricity supply for military and civilian vehicles participating in disaster relief. They have played a leading role in the disaster relief operations.? (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on April 25, 2024)
... 近日，广东省多地连降暴雨、大暴雨，北江等多条河流发生洪水，多地出现山洪和地质灾害，部分城镇局地内涝。 ... 截至24日20时，累计出动2195人次，参与山体滑坡救援、道路抢通、城市排涝等急难险重任务，紧急转移受灾群众3928人，开设野战加油站和应急发电站，为军地救灾车辆提供油料和用电保障，在抢险救灾中发挥了突击队、主力军作用。?
... many areas in Guangdong Province have experienced continuous heavy rainfall recently. Several rivers, including the Beijiang River, have flooded, Mountain floods and geological disasters occurred in multiple places and some towns and cities were partially waterlogged. ... As of 8 pm on April 24, a total of 2,195 personnel have been dispatched to participate in urgent, difficult, dangerous and arduous tasks such as rescuing the victims of landslides, clearing roads and draining floods from urban areas. They evacuated 3,928 residents affected by the disaster, set up field gas stations and emergency power stations to ensure fuel and electricity supply for military and civilian vehicles participating in disaster relief. They have played a leading role in the disaster relief operations.? (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on April 25, 2024)
Current quote:
纵容支持“台独”必将引火烧身、自食苦果。?
Those who connive at and support "Taiwan independence" will eventually get burnt for playing with fire and taste the bitter fruit of their own doing.? (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on April 25, 2024)?
Previous PRC history of the term:
?? 我们同时正告“台独”分子，搞“台独”必将遭到历史的清算，在国际上搞“一中一台”，必将引火烧身、自食苦果。?
Our message to “Taiwan independence” separatists is that whoever engages in “Taiwan independence” will be held accountable by history; whoever in the world creates “one China, one Taiwan” will get burned for playing with fire and taste the bitter fruit of their own doing.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on March 19, 2024)?
?? 2024国际上谁要纵容支持“台独”，必将引火烧身、自食苦果。?
Whoever in the world connive at and support “Taiwan independence” will get burned for playing with fire and taste the bitter fruit of their own doing.? (Wang Yi Meets the Press_2024_03_07)
Current quote:
一段时间以来，日本自卫队现职官员集体参拜供奉二战甲级战犯的靖国神社，退役将官出任靖国神社最高神官，一系列消极动向再次反映出日方对待侵略历史的错误态度。?
For some time, officials of the Japan Self-Defense Force visited the Yasukuni Shrine that enshrines 14 Class-A war criminals, and retired generals assumed the post of chief priest of the Yasukini Shrine. A series of negative moves once again showed Japan's wrong attitude towards its history of aggression.? (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on April 25, 2024)?
Previous PRC history of the term:
?? 据报道，靖国神社宣布前海上自卫队海军将官大塚海夫将于4月1日出任靖国神社第十四代宫司，即神社最高神官，这是首次有自卫队将官背景的人就任靖国神社最高神官。?
According to reports, Yasukuni Shrine announced that Umio Otsuka, former admiral of Japan’s Maritime Self-Defense Force (SDF), will assume the post of the 14th chief priest, the highest-ranking position of the Yasukuni Shrine, on April 1. It’s the first time for a former admiral of the SDF to assume the post.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on March 19, 2024)
Read in parallel: https://tinyurl.com/t963em3j
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6 个月Michael, just fyi, if your name was originally spelled Horelick we are related. If not, then we’re not related. When my ancestors came thru Ellis Island, the security agent dropped the E In the middle to make it only 2 syillables so that’s how we became Horlick instead of Horelick.