Fast Charging and EV Batteries: What We Know Now

Early concerns that frequent fast charging could degrade EV battery capacity are being challenged by recent research—especially for vehicles with advanced battery management systems (BMS). A study by Recurrent analyzed data from over 13,000 EVs and 160,000 real-world charging events. The findings showed no significant difference in battery degradation between EVs that fast-charge often and those that don’t.

Key Insights

1. Short-Term Data Limitations Most data comes from vehicles made after 2018, with many from 2021 or later, representing just 5–6 years of usage. The long-term effects of frequent fast charging remain unknown.
2. Expected Battery Degradation All lithium-ion batteries gradually lose capacity over time. EV batteries, regardless of charging habits, show predictable range loss influenced by factors like terrain and weather.

Optimizing Charging Practices

1. Avoid Extreme Conditions Charging in very hot, cold, or low/high states of charge can increase stress on the battery. Manufacturers recommend fast charging only when the battery is at moderate temperatures and charge levels.
2. Limit High-State Fast Charging Consistently charging to 100% via fast charging puts more strain on the battery, particularly during the final phase. Stopping at 80% is better for longevity.
3. Preconditioning is Key Preheating or cooling the battery before charging ensures smoother energy transfer and reduces degradation, especially in extreme temperatures.
4. High-Mileage Use Frequent daily fast charging for high-mileage drivers may cause slightly more wear, though modern BMS largely mitigates the impact.

Future of Fast Charging

The next generation of chargers, offering speeds over 350 kW, could reduce charging times to 15 minutes for an 80% charge. Alongside innovations in lithium-ion, solid-state, and lithium-sulfur batteries, EVs are becoming faster, safer, and more efficient to charge.

By combining smart charging practices with advanced technologies, EV owners can maximize battery life while enjoying the convenience of fast charging.