Extract A Way Of Life In Barbados ? 2021 Volume 3
Dr. William Anderson Gittens D.D.
CEO & Managing Director, Author -Devgro Media Arts Services Publishing?2015
At the outset let me state for the record that I am not a?Botanist, Plant Biologists, Horticulturist, or Florists but an Author, Cinematographer, Media Arts Specialist, License Cultural Practitioner, Podcaster and Publisher who have a keen interest how flowers appear on plants, which themselves are beneficial to our ecology and environment especially my wife Magnola’s garden at Thorsby. According to avasflowers.net” Studies have routinely found that with an increase in the number of plants comes improvement in air quality; so, planting trees, bushes, and flowers is a great way to help make the environment a better place.?Many plants reproduce through their flowers when pollination gets the reproductive cycle underway, and seeds are produced.” Plants produce much of the oxygen in our atmosphere through the process of photosynthesis. During the cycle of photosynthesis, plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air through their leaves” The Study of flowers and flowering plants?are known as anthology and?anthos means a flower and logia means collection. Botanists may spend time in exotic places, discovering new and rare species of plants, horticulturists often spend their days working in greenhouses or in yards. Horticulturists could have a knowledge of plants that is similar to botanists, but their job is to offer beautiful landscapes and flowers for households. ?This thinking excited my intellectual passions in the genre of Flowers as a way of life therefore as an Author, Cinematographer, Media Arts Specialist, License Cultural Practitioner, Podcaster and Publisher equally a Botanist, a Plant Biologists, a Horticulturist, and a?Florists. . Notably, the context of this intellectual discourse has created an ideal environment?for me to frame the posited theory A Way Of Life In Barbados ? 2021 Volume3 ISBN 978-976-96768-3-1 will be captured in 18 chapters in publication 238 and verbalised in podcast 127. ?
Historically, Barbados as an island country located in the southeastern Caribbean Sea, situated about 100 miles (160 km) east of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. Roughly triangular in shape, the island measures some 21 miles (32 km) from northwest to southeast and about 14miles (25 km) from east to west at its widest point. The capital and largest town is Bridgetown, which is also the main seaport. The main difference between culture and tradition is that traditions?describe a group's beliefs and behaviours that are passed down from one generation to another. According to barbados.org/barbados-traditions Barbados traditions are drawn from the West African and British cultures that shaped the island. The majority of the population is of African descent however the island was a colony of the British Empire for over 300 years so the English influence is very strong. Plausibly , because of this line of reasoning Barbados is characterised as British and is sometimes referred to as “Little England,” though “Little Britain” might be better because the island also has strong Scottish roots. Today, the British influence can be seen everywhere, in language, government, architecture, places of worship, behaviour and place names for example Buckingham Hill, Sussex , and Prince William Henry Street. ?
Barbados formed a Horticultural Society in 1927 by a group of thirteen horticultural enthusiasts, led by Mr H N Leacock, who was the first President with a Committee to run the Society which format continues to this day.?The Society was incorporated by an Act of Legislature on April 19th?1928. According bgci.org between the period 1950s?to 2019 Andromeda Botanic?Gardens Bathsheba, Hunte’s Gardens, Garden, Coffee Gully, BarbadosFlower Forest Botanical Gardens, Barbados National Botanical Gardensand Petrea Gardens, Botanical garden Folkestone, Barbados are established institutions holding documented collections of living plants for the purpose of scientific research, conservation, display and education which is now a way of life.
Anthurium
According to Arthura that can re-bloom throughout the year. That’s why it’s an ideal plant for beginning plant owners. It needs minimal care and flowers for months at a time. Every newly formed leaf will have a new flower growing next to it. The real flowers of the anthurium consist of little bumps on the spadix. The function of the spathe is to protect the flowers. The anthurium comes from tropical America and there are more than 600 species. The name anthurium is derived from two Greek words, anthos (flower) and oura (tail). So, a literal translation of the name would be “flowering tail” which is actually a very suitable choice considering the appearance of the plant. However, the anthurium is also known by many other popular names such as the Flamingo Flower, Painted Tongue, Painter’s Palette, and Hawaiian Heart.?
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Bougainvilleas were first recorded by the Europeans, by French botanist Philibert Commer?on, in the 1760s.Bougainville, who was an explorer, and whom?Commer?on had joined for an expedition around the world. They grow 1-12 metres (3 to 39 feet) in height depending on the species, and can Bougainvilleas are evergreen and grow well in warm to hot climates, they are generally white or cream coloured, and are sometimes overlooked, as the papery bracts surrounding them easily distract with their vibrant colours of pink, white, orange, purple?or burgundy. Bougainvilleas need good drainage, are very hardy once established, can tolerate salty environments, and are not usually attacked by pests..
Bromeliad comes with broad, succulent leaves and colourful foliage, flowering only once in its entire lifetime. They are easy to grow indoors and most species tolerate infrequent watering. They have beautiful forms, foliage, and flowers and reproduce consistently and rapidly. few pests and diseases that attack them.??
Canna?or?canna lily?have large foliage, so?horticulturists?have developed selected forms as large-flowered garden plants. They are also used in agriculture as a source of?starch?for human and animal consumption. The name?Canna?originates from the?Latin?word for a cane or reed.Since cannas have very hard and durable seed coverings,seed remains likely would survive in the right conditions. If the soils of India or Africa had produced some of them, they would have been imported before the 1860s into European gardens.?
Celosia?is a common garden ornamental plant in?China?and other places.. It grows widespread across Mexico, where it is known as?"Velvet flower", northern South America, tropical Africa, the West Indies, South, East and Southeast Asia where it is grown as a native or naturalized wildflower, and is cultivated as a nutritious leafy green vegetable. Though a very simple plant, Celosia does need moderate soil moisture and its species?is more than 50.?
Crimson Fountain-grass, is a?C4?perennial?bunch grass?that is native to open, scrubby habitats in East Africa, tropical Africa, the Middle East and south-western Asia. It has been introduced to many parts of the world as an?ornamental plant, and has become an?invasive species?in some of them. It is?drought-tolerant, grows fast, reaches 3 feet in height, and has many purple, plumose?flower?spikes.Fountain-grass has been?introduced?to the?Canary Islands,?Sicily,?Sardinia, southern Spain, Australia,?South Africa,?Hawaii, the western United States,southern?Florida?and?New Caledonia.?It thrives in warmer, drier areas and threatens many native species, with which it competes very effectively as an?invasive species. It?is employed within the precincts of Recreational Play Area especially in Children's Garden and acts as a Pollinator Garden and?used as a Border attracting Pollinators and Songbirds however it is an Invasive Species.
Coleus was first introduced into Europe from Java in 1851 by a Dutch horticulturalist. At this time, there were few leaf colours and shapes. A wider variety was available by 1877, when the American William Bull offered seeds at 43 US cents each. However, by selecting for seed production, early flowering was inadvertently favoured, and leaf colour also declined in intensity. Coleus breeding revived in the early 1940s, and by the 1980s, the availability of an improved range of cultivars led to coleus becoming the tenth most important bedding crop in the US. More recently, vegetative propagation has enabled cultivars with novel leaf colours and shapes to be offered for sale..
Desert Rose is native to Africa, the Middle East, and Madagascar. It is well known for its beautiful flowers and thick succulent stem.The desert rose is not, in fact, a rose. It is an evergreen or a drought-deciduous shrub and a slow-growing stem succulent, gaining less than twelve inches per year. It can be grown as an outdoor or an indoor plant, depending on the climate of the place where it is grown. It is easy to grow and requires little maintenance as it can tolerate heat and drought.The desert rose grows to a height of 3 - 9 feet tall with a spread of 3 - 5 feet. It is a thick-stemmed succulent plant with few leaves according to Nithya?Venkat.
Delonix Regia originally from Madagascar a small island off the coast of Mozambique that is home to a number of intriguing flora and fauna such as lemurs and fossa. It has been widely planted in the Caribbean and southern North America, where the environment of full sun and well-drained, moist soil suits it well.They grow tall and fast Flamboyant trees can grow to a height of 40ft and a width of 40-60ft. They reach these sizes quickly, producing growth hormones called phytohormones that assist with their year-round germination at a rate of 5ft per year.
Hibiscus?is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family. There are about?220 different species of hibiscus?in the world, and each variety differs in size, shape, and colour.
Hibiscus is?native?to warm temperate and tropical regions. It tend to grow in wet or?swampy?areas. The?leaves?are alternate, ovate to lanceolate, often with a toothed or lobed margin. Hibiscuses are renowned for their?large, showy flowers. The flowers are large, conspicuous, trumpet-shaped, with five or more petals, colour from white to pink, red, orange, peach, yellow or purple, and from 4 to 18 cm (1.6 to 7 in) broad. Hibiscus plants provide important?ecological, aesthetic, culinary,?and?medicinal values. Many species are?grown for their showy flowers or used as landscape shrubs, and are used to attract?butterflies,?bees, and?hummingbirds.?Ecologically, the large hibiscus flowers provide?nectar to pollinators. The?name ‘Hibiscus’?comes from hibiskos, the old Greek name for the common marsh mallow.
Lantana,?genus?of more than 150 shrubs native to tropical?America?and Africa and belonging to the?verbena?family.?Common lantana?(L. camara), growing to 3 metres (10 feet) tall, is a weed in tropical America, but elsewhere it is much used as a garden?plant. It blooms almost continuously with yellow, orange, pink, and white?flower?heads in various colour combinations. The aromatic leaves are rough and oval. Clusters of poisonous black berries follow the flowers. Trailing lantana (L. montevidensis), from?South America, is a small-leaved, drooping, thinly branched?species?that bears rose-lavender flowers.
Oncidium Orchids-While this species does not have a common name, members of the orchid genus Oncidium are often referred to as Dancing Ladies or Dancing Dolls because the long sprays of flowers resemble groups of ballet dancers. They are also called Butterfly Orchids because of the floral resemblance to the colourful insects and their tendency to flutter in a breeze.?It grows on other plants, such as in the crotches of tree limbs, but does not derive nutrition from or harm its host in any way. The species blooms in the spring, producing long (up to 5 feet) stalks bearing many flowers. This species displays the most prevalent flower colours found in the genus Oncidium: yellow, spotted and barred with reddish-brown.?Oncidium orchids are insect pollinated..?
Spider Lily, is a simply beautiful bulb flower.Sometimes also called sea daffodil, or Peruvian daffodil, the white spider lily is unique and quite elegant. This plant reveals a very beautiful blooming during the entire summer season. It requires heat to grow in full earth: that’s why growing it in warmer oceanic climates is common. You’ll have understood that spider lily is quite a demanding plant, but its beauty makes up for that entirely. This?flower, bulb plant is 32?inches (80 cm) and can be exposed to?the?full sun, or part sun. It can be cultivated ordinary, well drained soil. It’s Foliage??sheds its leaves annually and is noted for Flowering?from?June to October. Importantly, it Fragrant and very ornamental, it will give your flower beds and pot arrangements a definite edge?for them to be brought indoors.
Kniphofia?/n?p?ho?fi?/??is named after?Johann Hieronymus Kniphof, an 18th-century German physician and botanist. The genus?was first described as a genus in 1794.?It Species are?native?to?Africa.The flowers produce copious nectar while blooming and are attractive to bees and?sunbirds. In the New World they may attract?nectarivores?such as?hummingbirds?and?New World orioles.
Solandra?/so??l?ndr?/?is a genus of?flowering plants?in the?nightshade?family,?Solanaceae. It is named after the Swedish naturalist?Daniel C. Solander. The?vines?it contains are commonly known as?chalice vines?and are native to the?Caribbean,?Mexico?and?South America. They have very large flowers and glossy foliage. Also called Cup of Gold. A?tea?from the branches and more so from the roots and fruits is used as an inebriant in native traditions..
The National Flower of Barbados is the Pride of Barbados (Dwarf Poinciana or Flower Fence). The Pride of Barbados blooms all year round, the more common varieties are a fiery red and yellow "sunset colour" although other variations can be found. The National Flower is accepted as the red variety with the Yellow Margin on the petals.?
Flowers have long been appreciated for bringing beauty to their surroundings, medicinal purposes, romance, ritual, as well as a healthy source of food. From the famous roses, daffodils and to hyacinths, flowers have their part in history. There are also myths surrounding flowers according to enotes.com myths entertain and educate. They are there to explain traditions or values or beliefs in every culture. For example (a)Sugar Keeps Flowers Fresh. (b)When a plant is uprooted or when a flower is plucked from the plant, they begin to wilt. (c)Flowers are the Worst a Sworn Enemy for the Allergic. (d)Never Sleep with Flowers in Your Bedroom. (e)Pets and Flowers Do Not Get Along. And (f)Seasons Do Not Matter. Flowers are also part of culture People begin their days by offering flowers to their deity, watering their indoor plants. Be it a wedding, worship or medicinal practices; flowers form an integral part of living in Indian culture and tradition.
Of note, most of the times, across the world, flowers share some common meanings. Still, there do exist some regional and cultural manifestations of flower gifting. Flowers, as it turns out, are surprisingly recession-proof – they serve as a tangible symbol of good cheer and, as previously mentioned, are seen as something of an obligation for loved ones at holidays It is reported that flowers are produced and exported by many countries for various purposes. To put it succinctly, although the reason could be different from one country to another yet the flowers are used in the manufacturing of green tea, perfumes, essential oils and many other products which is also a way of life. Anthurium, Bougainvillea, Bromeliad, Canna?or?Canna lily,?Celosia, Crimson Fountain-grass, Coleus ,Desert Rose, Hibiscus, Lantana ,Oncidium , Pride of Barbados and Solandra are such a beauty among us. We use them to beautify our worlds and lives. They add essence and meaning to our lives and make our lives beautiful and a lot happier by their presence is a way of life?in Barbados. Argha Chatterjee has argued that Flowers?are always important in all parts of human history, and while meaning and cultures of?flowers?and gifting may vary in different parts of the world, yet they are still playing a universal role in human culture.?
Finally I must confess that thru my lens I have analysed?and concluded that each flower discoursed in this scholar conversation is socially, historically, and culturally embedded in a wide array of patterned behaviours, beliefs, attitudes?and their meanings?can be interpreted as A Way Of Life In Barbados ? 2021 Volume 3 ISBN 978-976-96768-3-1 was captured and framed in 18 chapters in publication 238 and verbalised in podcast 127.?
William?Anderson?Gittens
Author, Cinematographer Dip.Com., Arts. B.A. Media Arts Specialists’ License Cultural?Practitioner, Publisher, Podcaster, CEO Devgro Media Arts Services?2015,Editor in Chief of Devgro Media Arts Services Publishing?2015WORKS CITED
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