Exploring Protein Transition: Navigating 7 Common Misconceptions

In the realm of social media, discussions surrounding protein transition often oversimplify a complex issue. While it's widely acknowledged that transitioning our protein sources is crucial for global food sustainability, there persists a lot of misconceptions regarding its environmental impact and the feasibility of implementation. Below, 7 misunderstandings are discussed in a Q&A.

1. Are plant-based food products in most cases HEALTHIER than animal-based food products?

NO – In many instances, animal-based proteins and products offer superior nutritional benefits compared to their plant-based counterparts. This superiority often stems from factors such as higher digestibility, a more complete amino acid profile, and enhanced bioactivity. The perception that plant-based products are inherently healthier largely emerged from research highlighting potential adverse health effects associated with excessive consumption of red meat (Ertl et al., 2016). It's important to note that plant-based products typically undergo processing that is 2-3 times more intensive.

2. Are plant-based beverages in most cases a MORE SUSTAINABLE alternative for milk?

NO – From a nutrient profile perspective, milk-based products typically boast a lower carbon footprint per unit of nutrients compared to many alternatives. Achieving an equivalent nutrient-to-carbon footprint ratio with plant-based alternatives often necessitates fortification. However, it's worth noting that soy-based beverages stand out as an exception, exhibiting a carbon footprint comparable to that of semi-skimmed milk (see De Jong et al. 2024, link below this article).

3.?Is it expected that MILK PRODUCTION worldwide will decrease in the coming decades?

NO – UN/FAO projections (FAO, 2018) indicate a growing demand for milk protein in the foreseeable future. However, the impact of climate change is expected to lead to a decrease in milk production in southern regions. Consequently, there may be a heightened need for increased milk production in Western and Northern countries (IPCC, 2022).

4.?Is DECREASE OF MILK PRODUCTION in the Netherlands good for our planet?

NO – In the Netherlands, milk production ranks among the most sustainable globally. The carbon footprint of 1 liter of raw milk is approximately 1 kg CO2-eq (including methane), significantly lower than the global average of 2.1 kg (FAO, 2018). Given the anticipated rise in global demand for dairy, it is crucial to note that reducing milk production in the Netherlands could result in a proportional increase in greenhouse gas emissions worldwide.

5. Are cows SUFFERING?

NO – For many centuries, cows have coexisted harmoniously with humans. In countries like the Netherlands, cows enjoy a quality of life that, by their standards (if they could express it), surpasses that of many people worldwide. Furthermore, ongoing efforts are being made to enhance the well-being of cows, including provisions for fresh air and preventive healthcare measures. Bull calves stay at the dairy farm for another 2-3 weeks, after which they are used for beef production. It is important that the calves are treated with care. The Netherlands still imports meat to meet its demand.

6.?Are we READY for the protein transition in our meals?

NO – Currently, plant-based alternatives are primarily embraced by environmentally conscious individuals who are committed to 'saving the planet' and are willing to invest extra resources toward that goal. For instance, in the Netherlands, dairy alternatives account for only approximately 5% of milk consumption (Nieuwe Oogst, 2023; Statista.com, 2023). However, in order to broaden the protein transition to encompass a larger segment, potentially up to 80% of consumers, innovation is imperative. This innovation should focus on enhancing taste, nutritional value, functionality, and process efficiency/costs (FMCG, 2023). It's great to know that research programs like the ambitious Fascinating program are precisely focused on this!

7.?Is COMPARING animal-based and plant-based products meaningless?

NO - No, although ultimately the diet determines health and sustainability, it does make sense to compare animal and plant products. Plant products are typically marketed as alternatives. This is further emphasized by, for example, using the words "milk" or "meat" in combination with plant products. Moreover, not all consumers will be inclined to change their diet after consuming a plant-based product.

see also: https://www.dhirubhai.net/posts/pdejong_nutrients-health-carbonfootprint-activity-7167920884568018945-WWLm?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop

Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences Fascinating NIZO ISPT - Institute for Sustainable Process Technology