Exploring the Future of Vertical Farming: Insights from the Cymru Vertical Farming Workshop

This morning, I had the pleasure of delivering a keynote address at the Cymru Vertical Farming workshop, a collaborative event organized by the Wales Innovation Network (WIN). Held at the picturesque Delta Hotels St. Pierre in Chepstow, this symposium aimed to address the significant challenges and untapped potential of Controlled Environmental Agriculture (CEA) and Vertical Farming (VF) in Wales. I was honored to be invited by Dr. William Stiles from Aberystwyth University , a leading voice in agricultural innovation, who saw the need for a collective effort in this transformative field.

The Importance of Agriculture in Wales and the Role of Aberystwyth University

Wales has a rich agricultural heritage, deeply embedded in its economy and culture. Agriculture contributes significantly to the Welsh economy, with over 80% of its land used for farming. The sector employs more than 50,000 people and is a vital source of income and employment, particularly in rural areas. However, traditional farming in Wales faces numerous challenges, including fluctuating market prices, changing climate conditions, and limited arable land.

Aberystwyth University plays a crucial role in addressing these challenges through innovative research and education. The university's Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS) is at the forefront of pioneering research in sustainable farming practices. By developing new technologies and methods, IBERS aims to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability, ensuring a resilient future for Welsh farming.

But what could vertical farming in Wales look like and how can we develop the sector here further? That was a key question of today's event which was attended by 20+ researchers and stakeholders from Wales and beyond.

The Role of Researchers in the Future of Vertical Farming

Researchers at Aberystwyth University and other institutions are vital in advancing the vertical farming sector. Their work focuses on optimizing plant growth conditions, developing energy-efficient technologies, and improving crop varieties suitable for indoor farming. This research is crucial for overcoming the technical and economic barriers that currently hinder the widespread adoption of VF.

For instance, the development of precision irrigation and hydroponics systems is a significant area of focus. These systems allow for the efficient use of water and nutrients, reducing waste and improving crop yields. By leveraging advanced technologies, researchers are working to make vertical farming more cost-effective and environmentally friendly. But there is more! There are still many opportunities for plant breeding to improve many of the key challenges in vertical farming, like high energy use, which is one area where researchers can play a role.

Challenges and Facts about Vertical Farming

Vertical farming, despite its immense potential, faces several significant challenges, many of which were discussed in my presentation. Here are some key points:

1. High Capital Expenditure (CapEx): Setting up vertical farms requires substantial initial investment. The costs of constructing facilities, installing advanced lighting systems, and ensuring precise climate control are high. For example, precision irrigation hydroponics systems upwards of $150-$250 per square foot depending on the level of technology and automation.
2. Operational Costs (OpEx): The operational costs are also considerable, with electricity being a major expense. In fact, energy costs can constitute up to 45% of total operational expenditure, particularly for lighting and climate control. Vertical farms have significantly higher energy costs than greenhouses, leading to higher operational costs and risks.
3. Labor Efficiency: While VF can be highly productive, it is also labor-intensive. Skilled workers are needed to manage and maintain the sophisticated systems that VF employs. High labor costs are a significant barrier, especially in regions with higher wage levels.
4. Environmental Impact: Although VF uses less land and water compared to traditional farming, it has a significant carbon footprint due to high energy consumption, particularly in regions with less renewable energy infrastructure.
5. Market Demand: The success of VF is closely tied to market demand for fresh, local produce. Understanding consumer preferences and building a strong market presence is essential for profitability.

My presentation highlighted the above challenges and that electricity rates, market demand for fresh crops, labor costs, operations management, and access to capital are the five critical metrics that vertical farming depends on. Energy consumption is a significant factor, with some vertical farms requiring up to 38 kWh per kilogram of produce (CEA census 2021 ).

Moving Forward: A Call for Collaboration

The workshop highlighted the importance of collaboration across various disciplines – from plant and horticultural science to engineering and economics. It is this interdisciplinary approach that will enable us to address the multifaceted challenges of vertical farming.

One key takeaway from my presentation was the need for innovation in energy management to reduce operational costs. Additionally, we must focus on developing scalable models that can adapt to different environments and market demands. Case studies from VF initiatives worldwide, such as Emirates Bustanica in Dubai, the world's largest vertical farm, provide valuable insights into what works and what doesn’t.

A Special Mention: Dr. William Stiles

I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to Dr. William Stiles for inviting me to this pivotal event. His vision and dedication to advancing vertical farming in Wales are truly inspiring. William's efforts in organizing this symposium underscore the importance of bringing together thought leaders and experts to forge a path forward for sustainable agriculture.

In conclusion, the Cymru Vertical Farming workshop was a significant step towards realizing the potential of vertical farming in Wales. By continuing to foster collaboration, invest in research, and embrace innovation, we can overcome the challenges and unlock the full potential of vertical farming, ensuring a sustainable future for food production.

For those interested in connecting and learning more, feel free to reach out to me via LinkedIn or email. Let’s continue this important conversation and work together towards a greener, more sustainable future!