Exploratory Data Analysis – Hydrogen Project Since year 2000

Background for this article :

Sustainability and carbon capture , is the focus in today’s world, many govts and companies have committed to?net zero carbon emission and announcing large number of projects ; "where are we now towards net zero emission ? and?what is this ; tipping point that has caused massive attention green projects are taking? Pursuit of answers has led to this article.

This is an Exploratory Data Analysis on the secondary source of data obtained from IEA (International Energy Agency). This article will make an attempt to review project announced since 2000 by various countries.

Credit :

IEA for their wonderful work on collecting the huge data set, tracking the projects and most importantly keeping the data open. this data can be explored by data science enthusiast like me and have fun and share the learning within the community.?

Introduction to Hydrogen Data set:?Source : IEA

This data set covers all projects worldwide that have been commissioned since 2000 for the production of hydrogen for energy or climate change mitigation purposes, i.e., their objective is either to reduce the emissions associated with the production of hydrogen for existing applications, or the introduction of hydrogen as an energy carrier or industrial feedstock in new applications where it is not currently widely used, and has the potential to be a low-carbon?technology option. Projects in planning or construction are also included.

Projects are categorized by the production technology (electrolysis; fossil fuels with carbon capture, utilization and storage; other technologies), the hydrogen-based fuel produced (hydrogen, methanol, ammonia, methane, synthetic hydrocarbons) and the use of the fuel produced.?

Summary of data set

Data-set ~ 500MB,

1000 rows, more than 21 columns

Projects announced: 989

Countries?= ~ 73

Decommissioned project ~ 100

End use is projected in following sectors: Mobility, Power, Refining, Ammonia, Methanol, Other industries?

Tools Used for Data Analysis

Programming Language???????-?Python 3.0?

IDE????????????????????????????????????????- Anaconda Navigator and Jupiter Notebooks

Visualizations???????????????????????-?Matplotlib and Seaborn libraries?

Source Code Location:

EDA Steps followed?:

1. Introduction
2. Problem statement
3. Data acquisition & Pre-Profiling
4. Data Post-processing & exploration
5. Summary & Insights

Data Visualization after EDA

Summary of?EDA process shows following insights :

1. There is continues focus to shift the economy towards hydrogen (989 number of projects were announced or started from since 2000) and overwhelmingly ~ 75 countries are participating in the movement.
2. European countries are at the forefront of this change commission or announcing more that 50% ( 500 number of projects)
3. Germany is leading country with 139 Projects and 57 projects either operational or under constructions with total Carbon Capture intended 15593- IEA zero-carbon estimated normalized capacity [nm3 H?/hour]
4. Other than Europe , North America and Australia are catch up with this trend
5. Water Electrolysis based technology (PKM, ALK electrolysis ) are focus area for all the countries ( 80% are H2 as the end products)
6. Following are stand-out facts :?

• End Product in Focus???????--> Hydrogen
• End Sector in Focus????????--> Mobility and Power followed by Ammonia and Refining
• Technologies??????????--> Water Electrolysis (PEM, ALK)?

Insights drawn from IEA Data analysis

( Source : https://www.iea.org/reports/global-hydrogen-review-2021)

IEA research has detail report on road map of net zero following are the key summary (please visit the source page for the details analysis)

1. Today, 17 governments have released hydrogen strategies, more than 20 governments have publicly announced they are working to develop strategies, and numerous companies are seeking to tap into hydrogen business opportunities
2. Global capacity of electrolysers, which are needed to produce hydrogen from electricity, doubled over the last five years to reach just over 300 MW by mid-2021. Around 350 projects currently under development could bring global capacity up to 54 GW by 2030.
3. Europe is leading electrolyser capacity deployment, with 40% of global installed capacity, and is set to remain the largest market in the near term on the back of the ambitious hydrogen strategies of the European Union and the United Kingdom
4. The cost of automotive fuel cells has fallen by 70% since 2008 thanks to technological progress and growing sales of fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs). Thanks to the efforts by Korea, the Unites States, China and Japan, the number of FCEVs on the road grew more than sixfold from 7 000 in 2017 to over 43 000 by mid-2021
5. Countries that have adopted hydrogen strategies have committed at least USD 37 billion; the private sector has announced an additional investment of USD 300 billion. But putting the hydrogen sector on track for net zero emissions by 2050 requires USD 1 200 billion of investment in low-carbon hydrogen supply and use through to 2030
6. Depending on regional gas prices, the levelised cost of hydrogen production from natural gas ranges from USD 0.5 to USD 1.7 per kilogramme (kg). Using CCUS technologies to reduce the CO2 emissions from hydrogen production increases the levelised cost of production to around USD 1 to USD 2 per kg. Using renewable electricity to produce hydrogen costs USD 3 to USD 8 per kg.
7. ?While the adoption of hydrogen as a clean fuel is accelerating, it still falls short of what is required to help reach net zero emissions by 2050. If all the announced industrial plans are realised, by 2030: ? Total hydrogen demand could grow as high as 105 Mt – compared with more than 200 Mt in the NZE Scenario ? Low-carbon hydrogen production could reach more than 17 Mt – oneeighth of the production level required in the NZE Scenario ? Electrolysis capacity could rise to 90 GW – well below the nearly 850 GW in the NZE Scenario ? Up to 6 million FCEVs could be deployed – 40% of the level of deployment in the NZE Scenario (15 million FCEVs)
8. Stronger international co-operation: a key lever for success

Key Take-away of Data Analysis:

??if you are consultant : significantly involved with proven track record in water electrolysis and related business, boom is just start

if you are professional : this is where major economy is focusing , equip yourself skill that matter here

if you are owner/operator with lot money : this is where you should invest?

There are many more question that we can ask to the data and very interesting insights can be drawn out it. However , I have decided to pursue that some time later. if this interests you please contribute to the exercise and lets continue to learn together.

I hope you enjoyed as mush I did collecting, researching and compiling this article.

Happy Reading!!