Everything You Need to Know About Loose Coupling in Java - NareshIT

What You Should Know About Loose Coupling When we talk of Java

The measure of the capability of an element to use another element is known as the coupling, and it's an essential feature in Object-oriented design. Sometimes the element is loosely coupled and sometimes they are tightly coupled. In this article, we discuss the coupling, its types, define the loose coupling, discuss a code for loose coupling, and end up with the difference between tight coupling and loose coupling. So, without any adieu, let's begin the article. And you can contact us for your Java training. Naresh I Technologies is the number one computer training institute in Hyderabad and among the top five computer training institutes in India. Contact us anytime for your Java training.?

Types of Coupling

We have already discussed what is coupling. Let's now discuss tight coupling and loose coupling. These are the two types of coupling.? Let's first define tight coupling.

Tight coupling:

When an object is created by the object for use, it is known as tight coupling.

Loose coupling:

And when an object gets another object for usage from any external source, then we term it as the loose coupling.

In this blog post, we have a look at the loose coupling in Java and find how we can implement it.

What is Loose Coupling in Java? When an object gets an object from an external source for usage, then that object can exist without that object, and that is why we know it as the loose coupling. And this is what programming language should be acquainted with for better software development.?

If we define it in another word, by loose coupling we mean hence that the two objects are independent.? The loosely coupled code lessens the burden of maintenance and efforts. And the tightly coupled code lacks on this account, and hence we use the loosely coupled codes in bulk, and not tightly coupled code.

Suppose we have two classes, and class A contains only a bit of information related to another class, which is connected through an interface, then we say that both the classes are loosely coupled. The interface plays an important in coming up with loosely coupled code.

Code for Loose Coupling

import java.io.IOException;

interface Student {

???public void PrintName();

}

class GoodStudent {

?????Student a;

???public GoodStudent(Student a){

??????this.a = a;

???}

???public void PrintName(){

??????System.out.println("Good Student");

??????a.PrintName();

???}

}

class WeakStudent implements Student {

???public WeakStudent(){}

???public void PrintName(){

??????System.out.println("Weak Student");

???}

}

class AverageStudent implements Student {

???public AverageStudent(){}

???public void PrintName(){

??????System.out.println("Average Student");

???}

}

public class Main {

???public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {

??????Student a= new AverageStudent();

??????Student b= new WeakStudent();

??????GoodStudent c = new GoodStudent(a);

??????c.PrintName();

??????GoodStudent d = new GoodStudent(b);

??????d.PrintName();

???}

}

Output:

Good Student??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

Weak Student??

We have implemented these classes using the interface. And that is why these three classes are loosely coupled.? The interface Student is implemented using different classes. And hence, each of these classes is loosely coupled. One class can exist without the other class.

How to differentiate the Loose coupling and tight coupling

• The Loose coupling is based on GOF principles of the program to interface and it does not implement. Though tight coupling does not support the interface concept.
• You can easily swap a code in between the two classes when we talk of loose coupling though it's not that simple in case of the tight coupling.
• It's quite changeable the loose coupling though you will not find this feature in tight coupling.

To conclude, we find that tight coupling is quite not good in comparison to loose-coupling since it makes the reusability of the code tough, and it also reduces the flexibility. You will find it quite tough to make the changes in case of tight coupling. And each of the drawbacks of the tight coupling is countered by the loose coupling luckily.

And that brings us to the end of the article. Hope you now know the loose coupling.

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FAQ'S:

• What is Loose Coupling in Java?

Loose coupling refers to a design principle in Java (and object-oriented programming in general) where the dependencies between modules or classes are minimized. This is achieved by ensuring that classes interact with each other through abstractions (such as interfaces) rather than directly with concrete implementations. This promotes flexibility, as classes can be easily replaced with alternative implementations as long as they adhere to the same interface.

• Why is Loose Coupling important?

Loose coupling enhances the maintainability and scalability of Java applications. By reducing direct dependencies between components, changes in one part of the codebase have minimal impact on other parts. This makes the code easier to understand, test, and modify. Additionally, loose coupling promotes reusability, as components can be used in different contexts without significant modifications.

• How can Loose Coupling be achieved in Java?

Loose coupling can be achieved through several practices:

Dependency Injection (DI): Instead of classes creating instances of their dependencies, dependencies are provided to them (injected) from the outside. This can be done through constructor injection, setter injection, or interface injection.

Programming to Interfaces: Classes should depend on interfaces rather than concrete implementations. This allows different implementations of an interface to be used interchangeably without affecting the calling code.

Use of Design Patterns: Patterns like Factory, Strategy, and Observer can help in achieving loose coupling by decoupling the implementation details from the core logic.

Single Responsibility Principle (SRP): Ensuring that classes have a single responsibility makes them more focused and less likely to be tightly coupled with other classes.

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