Evaluation of mycotoxin adsorption and pelleting function products in aquatic feed
Inner Mongolia Hezhengmei Biology Science And Technology Co.,Ltd
Qi GuoYou HongMa Feed (XianTao) Co.,Ltd Liu Quan Liang
Foreword: Most feed for aquatic products is made up of pellets, which is convenient for aquatic animals to have balanced nutrition, easy to digest and absorb, improve the utilization rate of feed, reduce the pollution of residual bait to water quality, reduce the disease of aquatic animals, and improve the output of aquatic animals. But aquatic pellet feed should bear mechanical impact force in carriage in the way, the concussion impact that should bear water and immerse after be being put into water, need to keep form in water for a period of time, in order to benefit fish, shrimp, crab to have enough ingestion time. However, the natural adhesive material of each component contained in the compound feed alone is used to bond, and its particle strength and stability are often not enough. Therefore, in the preparation of particle feed and the formation of powder feed in water, the addition of adhesive is a necessary means. 【 1 】
Because the soybean meal, peanut meal, corn meal and cottonseed meal containing aflatoxin are used in aquatic feed, the effect of mycotoxin on aquatic production performance cannot be ignored.For example, in shrimp cultivation, the phenomenon of white stool is that mycotoxin entering the digestive tract stimulates the hepatopancreas and intestinal tract to produce inflammation, which causes the hepatopancreas fat granules (mainly in floating water) to shrink and fall off, and the intestinal mucosa (white) to peel off, and the digestive matter and intestinal flora together to form white stool.Fish by mycotoxin infection, the body's various resistance to decline, other pathogenic bacteria invasion, liver injury often accompanied by bleeding, gills, enteritis swimming irregular, loss of balance, static in the water, loss of appetite, sluggish reaction, breathing difficulties, even coma flip, soon after death and other symptoms.
Keywords: Super-Bond, mycotoxins, viscosity, water resistance, elastic
Abstract：Super-Bond is a kind of organic-inorganic macromolecular compound, which is made of natural montmorillonite and starch through special processing reaction, not only has the bonding function, but also has the function of removing mycotoxin and protecting intestinal mucosa.
Ⅰ. The experiments were carried out to evaluate the adhesion, water resistance and elastic of the feed
Liu Jia Fei etc【2】pellet binder is a kind of special material which can bond different raw materials together. It is also the key material which affects the stability of feed water. It is usually macromolecular polymer. In the industrial age, because a-starch is easy to control, so it is widely used. In medium and small farms, because the fresh fish pulp has good nutrition and food inducing effect, and has a good viscosity, so it is widely used. The principle of choosing Pellet binder is less dosage, good viscosity, Safety & Reliable, its usage doesn’t affect processing technology, does not reduce the palatability of feed. However, most aquatic animals cannot tolerate starch sugar due to insufficient secretion of starch digestive enzyme in their intestines, so the amount of starch should be reduced as much as possible in the formula of aquatic materials, and the binder should be used to achieve the purpose of particle formation.
1.1 Hubei branch of a company in Shanghai with an annual output of 30,000 tons of shrimp and crab feed
① Granulation parameter: steam pressure 2.4
②Ring die aperture：φ2.5
③ compression ratio：1:20
Put Super-bond in premix mouth, accordingly reduce flour amount, add C type Supre-Bond,Product cooling, packaging sampling at the feeding mouth
The results of water resistance and strength are as follows
Form 1：The hardness and water resistance of the products were tested by using the hardness tester and conventional sensory evaluation method. Three repetitions were made for each product and the average value was calculated.
Form 2: Dry weighing method was used to test the collapsibility of products in water. Three replicates of each product were conducted and the average value was calculated
The figure below is the comparison diagram of the water resistance experiment of Adding Super-bond with not adding Super-Bond
The following figure shows the boiling water resistance test
1.2 output 20 thousand fish feed, special fish feed in Liaozhong a company
① Granulation parameter：steam pressure 2.0
②ring die diameter：φ4.0
③compression ratio：1:20
④2 grade conditioner
Put Super-Bond in premix mouth, without reducing the amount of flour, add 3kg type F, cool the product, take samples at the blanking opening of the package, test the strength, pulverization rate and briquetting rate, and the results are shown in the following table:
1.3 Evaluation of the effect of the combination of a-starch and J - type Super-Bond in turtle feed
1.4 Experiments on apparent viscosity and elasticity of turtle feed after adding Super-Bond
Discussion and summary:
"Water Stability in pellet feed" is defined as the property of pellet feed to keep its components from being dissolved and dispersed after soaking in water for a certain period of time.Generally, it is expressed as the percentage of the feed loss in water and the feed quality in a certain period of time (that is, the loss rate), and it can also be expressed as the minimum time when the feed does not break in water, that is, the water resistance.The stability of the compound feed of prawn in water is the key factor related to the nutritive efficiency of the feed and the success or failure of breeding. It is an important quality index to measure the quality of compound feed( Liu Xing Hai 1991; Zhai Liu Shu 1997)
How to evaluate feed water resistance Li Zhao Xin etc【3】The stability test methods of four kinds of prawn in water were discussed①Sensory method②Dry weighing method③Chemical oxygen consumption④spectrophotometry. The methods of chemical oxygen consumption and photometry are complicated and require special instruments. Sensory evaluation is often used and even boiling water is used for rapid evaluation. Sensory evaluation although comprehensive judgment from the four aspects of feed water stability, has the characteristics of comprehensive system but there is also a very big limitation, methods of human subjectivity is very big, the tester's judgment experience is different, due to the different appraisal result will be large difference, if only one evaluation, the evaluation results will vary
In order to quickly evaluate the medium using boiling water is not desirable, one is the deviation from the feed environment; Instead, boiling water was used to further gelatinize the ungelatinized starch in the feed, so that the evaluation was on the high side and out of reality. Therefore, if conditions permit, it is more objective to evaluate water resistance by dry weighing method, which is thought to be less affected by factors and quantifiable. And it is the only national standard according to "Chinese prawn compound feed" SC 2002-1994.
The addition of Super-Bond C type in the feed of aquatic shrimp and crab can reduce the amount of starch, reduce the cost, and improve the particle strength and water resistance. The addition of Super-Bond J Type in aquatic fish material can improve the particle strength and the pulverization rate. The addition of Super-Bond F type in turtle eel feed can improve the viscosity and elasticity of feed. The addition of Super-Bond in aquatic feed can reduce the rate of feed return, thus reducing the loss of thermal sensitive substances and vitamins and minerals.
Ⅱ、In vitro evaluation of AFB1 removal
2.1 The mycotoxin evaluation center of the Chinese academy of agricultural sciences was commissioned to evaluate in vitro the removal of aflatoxin from Super-Bond
The results are as follows：
2.2 Discussion and summary
Super-Bond is reaction object that produced by natural montmorillonite & a-starch,its ingredient montmorillonite can still adsorb and remove aflatoxin via hydrogen bonds, thus avoid aflatoxin’s hazard.
Ⅲ、Conclusions and Remarks
Due to the inevitable contamination of mycotoxins and algal toxins in aquatic feed materials or water bodies, the harm to aquatic animals is mostly hidden, but the damage caused by accumulation to a certain extent is irreversible; Especially serious is the damage of mycotoxin to the immune system of aquatic animals, which leads to the secondary diseases of cultured animals. However, montmorillonite can not only absorb mycotoxin but also enhance intestinal function, repair intestinal mucosa, absorb and excrete the mycotoxin ingested, reduce the accumulation of mycotoxin in the body, and reduce the damage to the intestinal tract.
It is more convenient for aquatic animals to have balanced nutrition, easy to digest and absorb, improve the utilization rate of bait, and reduce the pollution of residual bait to water quality.
And Super-Bond has the function of removing mycotoxin and pelleting, which can help green aquaculture.
Ⅳ、Reference documents：
【1】Wang Zhi Ming, Wang Jian Qiang, Shen Min Xiang. Experiment on the stabilization effect of pellet binder on pellet feed in water. 2003,(7):41-42.
【2】Liu Jia Fei, Bai Dong Qing, Chen Cheng Xun Aqua feed pellet binder And its water stability Sciencepaper Online
【3】Li Zhao Xin Wang Wei Fen, Zhai Liu Xiu Qingdao ocean university, yellow sea fisheries research institute, Chinese academy of fishery sciences
Factors influencing the stability of penaeus chinensis mixed feed in water and their determination methods Marine aquatic research Sep, 2000 VO1. 21 NO. 3