Evaluation of interactions between nano- and micro-plastics with nutrients and their potential effects on nutrient homeostasis

We are delighted to share that Marta Micheletto made a significant contribution at the 8th International Conference on Environmental, Health, and Safety issues related to Nanomaterials - nanoSAFE'23, held in Grenoble, France. Her speech focused on the evaluation of interactions between micro and nanoplastics with nutrients, specifically exploring their potential effects on nutrient homeostasis.

WHAT ABOUT THE ISSUES. The ever-increasing use of plastics since their invention has raised concerns about their accumulation and proper disposal. Microplastics (MPs), defined as plastic pieces smaller than 5 mm, and nanoplastics (NPs), particles in the submicron range, exhibit remarkable persistence in the environment due to their resistance to degradation. The mounting concern revolves around the potential toxic effects of MPs, as well as their accumulation within the human body. Recent studies have demonstrated the presence of MPs in various tissues of healthy volunteers, while documented side effects resulting from MPs exposure in animal species, such as fishes and seabirds, further emphasize the urgency of addressing this issue. MPs and NPs may exert toxicity directly through their materials or indirectly through interactions with contaminants or molecules.

WHAT ABOUT THE EXPOSURE ROUTES. Ingestion represents one of the most significant exposure routes, given MP-contaminated water and food. The interactions between MPs/NPs and nutrients vary depending on their chemical properties, polymer types, weathering, and aging processes. Along the gastrointestinal tract, these interactions can lead to the adsorption of essential nutritive molecules on the surfaces of MPs and NPs, thereby altering their absorption. This alteration in the absorption of nutrients like amino acids, proteins, cholesterol, and vitamins can contribute to malabsorption diseases.

WHAT ABOUT OUR STUDIES. Marta's research involved the use of two different types of MPs, PTFE and HDPE, to evaluate the interactions between plastics and nutrients during digestion. By employing an in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion, she investigated the interactions between various protein types and cholesterol. To assess the impact of MPs on nutrient absorption, the digests were applied to a Caco-2-based in vitro intestinal model. Results indicated that when proteins were co-digested with MPs, the amount of absorbed amino acids decreased by over 50% compared to digests without MPs. These preliminary findings highlight the role of MPs in interacting with nutrients, potentially leading to malabsorption and nutrient dyshomeostasis. Further investigations will delve into the overall impact of MPs on human health.

We would like to express our gratitude to the EU H2020 Project "Plastics Fate and Effects in the human body" (PlasticsFatE) for supporting this research. Marta's valuable contribution to the conference and her dedication to studying the impact of plastics on human health reflect our commitment to creating a sustainable and healthier future. Stay tuned for more updates on our ongoing research and efforts in addressing environmental challenges.

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