Evaluating Net-zero for the Indian Cement Industry
Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW)
INTEGRATED | INTERNATIONAL | INDEPENDENT
The total cost to decarbonise the existing cement production in India will amount to USD 334 billion in capital expenses and USD 3 bn in additional annual operating costs, as per CEEW’s first-of-its-kind analysis. How can India’s cement industry achieve net-zero?
Our analysis uses marginal abatement cost (MAC) curves to analyse the economics of various emissions mitigation options. For each option, the MAC curve shows the cost of abating one tonne of CO? and the total amount of CO? that can be abated.
?The cumulative CO? emissions from manufacturing 337 mn tonnes of cement in 2018–19 was 218 million tonnes. The cement sector contributes ~7% of India's total emissions.
What are the components of cement manufacturing that contribute to these emissions?
??~56% of the total 0.66 tCO?/tonne of cement produced is due to the calcination of limestone in the kilns
??32% is due to the combustion of fuels for process-heating applications
??12% is due to the electricity used for manufacturing
What are the mitigation options available for cement production to achieve net-zero?
??Energy efficiency measures can reduce emissions in cement production by 9%
??Reduction in clinker factor — intermediary product that is produced from cement kilns — can abate emissions by 11%
Further,
??Renewable energy, alternative fuels and raw materials can abate emissions by 13%?
??The industry requires approximately 1.3 GW of renewable energy round-the-clock (RTC) for current annual cement production levels.
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However, 67% of the cement industry’s emissions would need to be abated through carbon management techniques like Carbon Capture, Utilisation, and Storage (CCUS) and carbon offsetting.
???If CCS costs USD 50/tCO? and no CCU is implemented, then near-net-zero cement production will be 19% more expensive.
??If 50% of cement production adopts CCU at USD 486/tCO? and the remaining adopts CCS at USD 90/tCO?, then near-net-zero cement production will be 107% more expensive.
To aid the cement industry in achieving net-zero, we recommend:
??formulating policies to build a CCU ecosystem in India
??developing seamless supply chains for the collection and delivery of alternative fuels
??mandating the use of the best available energy efficiency technologies under the Indian Carbon Market (ICM) scheme
??Read more in our latest study, ‘Evaluating Net-zero for the Indian Cement Industry: Marginal Abatement Cost Curves of Carbon Mitigation Technologies’??
Energy & Environment Researcher
1 年Any thoughts on demand reduction of cement?
Batteries & Electric Mobility
1 年How about using electric trucks to transport raw materials and finished products, what benefit would that have?