The Essential Guide to Drinking Waters: Types and Benefits

Water is vital for survival, aids in important physical processes and helps maintain overall health. The desired amount of water intake varies depending on the kind of life a person lives, the weather patterns of where they reside and the nature of their daily activities. The US National Academies suggest 125 ounces per day for men and 91 ounces per day for women as recommended daily fluid intakes from all beverages including food. It plays an essential role in temperature regulation, joint lubrication among other uses. It is important to know different types of water and their benefits so that people can drink what suits them most.

The following are the most common kinds of drinking water.

• Tap Water

Sourced from local water supplies, it undergoes treatment to remove contaminants. Often undergoes stricter testing than bottled water.

Pros: Accessible and cost-effective.

Cons: Possible presence of disinfection byproducts and trace contaminants like lead, chlorine, or pharmaceuticals.

• Mineral Water

Comes from underground sources, naturally rich in minerals. Some types are naturally carbonated from their source.

Pros: Beneficial mineral content.

Cons: Higher cost and environmental impact from bottles. Some types may have high sodium content, which can be problematic for individuals on low-sodium diets.

• Spring Water

Harvested directly from a spring, naturally filtered through rocks. Must be collected at the spring or through a borehole.

Pros: Natural filtration and mineral enrichment.

Cons: Vulnerable to environmental pollutants and contaminants from surface runoff or nearby activities.

• Purified Water

Water that has been purified to remove both contaminants and minerals. Can be made through reverse osmosis or distillation.

Pros: Safe and taste-neutral.

Cons: May remove beneficial minerals along with contaminants, leading to potential mineral deficiencies.

• Distilled Water

Water boiled into vapor and condensed back into liquid. It’s the purest form of water.

Pros: Free from impurities and minerals.

Cons: Distilled water can taste bland because it lacks minerals, it can also leach minerals from the body or from whatever it comes in contact with, potentially leading to an imbalance of electrolytes in the body.

• Sparkling Water

Water carbonated through natural or artificial means. Naturally sparkling water comes from carbonated springs.

Pros: Refreshing alternative to still water.

Cons: Possible bloating. Carbonation may erode tooth enamel over time, leading to dental issues.

Alkaline Water

Water with a higher pH level than regular drinking water. Typically has a pH above 7.

Pros: Believed to neutralize body acid.

Cons: Excessive consumption may disrupt the body's natural pH balance, leading to alkalosis.

• Well Water

Sourced from underground aquifers through wells. Mineral content varies by source.

Pros: Natural and rich in minerals.

Cons: Risk of contamination from agricultural runoff, industrial pollutants, PFAS, or naturally occurring contaminants like arsenic.

• Flavored or Infused Water

Water enhanced with flavors or extracts without significant calories. A healthy alternative to sugary drinks.

Pros: Increases water intake through improved taste.

Cons: Some flavorings or additives may contain artificial sweeteners, preservatives, or other chemicals that are not beneficial for health.

The world of liquid hydration is vast, offering everything from mineral-rich waters to the purest distilled form, or just plain H2O from your faucet. All you need to do is find what you prefer—but first, learn about what makes them so different. So, find your favorite, stay informed, and stay hydrated. Drink up!

Chis Eberly is an engineer, inventor, and promoter of all things water. He is the Founder and VP of Product Development at ParkUSA, and a Texas A&M Industry Advisory Council Member. He publishes The Water Economy Circular Newsletter, which provides insights on circular water management for architects, engineers, contractors, policymakers, and sustainability enthusiasts. You can read it here !

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