The Essence of Dr. Iqbal's 7 Sermons on the Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam
Dr.Abdul Basit
**Philosophical Author of Research Articles in Global Journals** ??????? **Expert in Mind-Body Relationship**
??Research and written by:? Abdul Basit
Dr. Allama Iqbal is a great Eastern philosopher and classical poet. Dr. Iqbal has a distinction from all other Islamic intellectuals. Because Dr. Iqbal's angle of thought is so unique and different.?
Dr. Allama Iqbal's poetry is written in Urdu and Persian languages.? Apart from this, Allama Iqbal has also written seven sermons in English which have the subject of “Reconstruction of religious thought in Islam”.
Allama Iqbal wrote the first six sermons and after that, the seventh sermon "Is religion possible?" was written later. Now it consists of seven sermons. Allama Iqbal's sermons have been translated into many languages.? There are many translations in Urdu too. The name of the Authors who translated into Urdu is as under.
1. ????Syed Nazir Niazi 2. ? ? Dr. Waheed Ishrat?
Both of the above-named have an important place in translation.
Allama Iqbal in his sermons tested all the rational sciences of the world on the criterion of the Holy Quran and proved that all the rational sciences are not absolute. If there is any absolute knowledge in the world, then it is only the knowledge of the Holy Quran which is beyond human intellect.
if a person wants to reach the absolute truth, he can reach it by keeping his intellect subordinate to divine knowledge, and if a person relies only on his intellect and denies the revelation, then that person remains in doubt all his whole life. And he can not reach the absolute truth.
Allama Iqbal has mentioned about 125 Muslim intellectuals and non-Muslim intellectuals in these seven sermons. Allama Iqbal's sermons contain a very high content level of philosophical and scholarly language which may be the dry language for a layman and an average intellectual.
Specific knowledge required?
to understand the sermons
To understand the sermons of Allama Iqbal, we need to have an understanding of the following sciences?
??Arabic meaning
Names of non-muslims intellectuals who are mentioned in sermons?
I will mention here the Muslim and non-Muslim names that Dr. Allama Iqbal has quoted in his sermons.? Only? names are as follows?
Non-Muslim
Muslim intellectuals and thinkers
Some of the above-mentioned persons are related to philosophy, physics, sciences, psychology, mathematics, logic, history, Muslim theology, etc.
?
Seven? sermons' names written by Dr. Iqbal
Allama Iqbal's seven sermons, which names are as follows,
???????????????experience.
It is very difficult to cover these sermons in this summary but I will try to cover them. Allama Iqbal was not satisfied with the arguments given by the philosophers in his second sermon in support of the existence of Almighty Allah (God)because Dr.Iqbal did not understand the knowledge of human intellect as absolute as his strong belief in Al-Quran (divine knowledge). Let me introduce you to the topics of these arguments and ideas.
Theories of Affirmation of God in Philosophy
???3.? ? ? ? Ontological Argument
??4. ? ? ? Moral argument?
Schools of Thought on the Abolition of Religion Ideologies
There are different groups refuting religion on which Dr. Allama Iqbal has presented scientific arguments in his sermons and has proved that there are numerous flaws in their intellectually acquired knowledge.
Allama Iqbal has told about two types of time in his sermons
We usually do our calculations in serial time
Arabic has two names of word Creation
Apart from this, Dr. Allama Iqbal has said that the meanings of both Khalq and Amr are different, which Allama Ghulam Ahmed Pervez (renowned islamic scholar)? has quoted in his Meaning of the Qur'an in his book.
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"Khalq ??? and Amr ??? are both for God In the context of the universe, he said that creation is for God.? (7:54). Western thinker (PRINGLE-PATTISON) has said that the English language has the misfortune of having only one word (CREATION) for divine creation.? The Arabic language is fortunate to have two words for God's creative program (Amr ??? and Amr??? ).? From our point of view, that object takes on a perceptible form." (Sermon of Iqbal).
There are also many theories of creation and evolution which are described as follows?
Creation vs Evolution
Creation
Evolution
All these theories have been tested by Dr. Allama Iqbal in his sermons on the criteria of the Holy Quran.? And in the light of the Holy Qur'an, it has been proved that if the intellect wants to reach the absolute truth, it is impossible without the guidance of the revelation of the Holy Qur'an.
??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????
?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??
(From Dr.Iqbal poetry)
Now, I want to mention here one of the explanations of Dr. Allama Iqbal on the Divine quranic word “Lohe Mehfooz” in his second sermon and you will see how Dr. Allama Iqbal's thought is at the peak of knowledge. This is the unique and deep thinking of Dr. Allama Iqbal in Islamic ideology.?
Preserved Tablet (??? ?????)
(Loh Mahfooz) is mentioned in verse 22 of Surah Al Burooj in the Holy Quran.
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Chapter No.85 Verse no.22? (Al-Quran)
Explanation from Mafhoom Ul Quran
To preserve and keep it safe from extraneous effects, it has been inscribed upon an imperishable tablet. (It is preserved as a Divine writ in the universe as well as in the pages of the Quran. Therefore nobody can efface it ~ 56:78.) (The unalterable Law of Allah the Almighty, whether it pertains to the physical universe or the human world, can never be obliterated. The first category is the Law of Nature and the second the Quranic Code of Life. Both are safely preserved ~ 15:9.)
Chapter No.85 Verse No.22
All Muslim thinkers, from the earliest? (???????) to the latest (???????) in Islam, have explained the definition of Loh Mahfouz? (??? ?????). If we talk about common people, common people try to understand many facts from physical existence or we can also say that common people understand facts from examples of physical existence.
?If we think about the Holy Qur'an, there are two types of verses mentioned in the Qur'an.
???? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ? ???????? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ??????????????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????????? ? ????? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ? ??????????????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ???? ? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????????????
Chapter No.03 Verse No.07
Explanation from Mafhoom Ul Quran
“Allah has sent down this Book to you, O Rasool! " which includes verses of two kinds. The first kind consists of those verses which have definite meaning and constitute the foundation of Allah’s Laws[*1]. The second kind is figurative and explains abstract realities metaphorically. Those who tend to deviate from Allah’s Path, take the figurative verses in their literal sense thereby causing discord by interpreting these verses in their own way. Allah only knows the essence of the realities which these verses represent. Those who take the right approach to knowledge believe in the realities but can also form an idea of what they are and can perceive their significance. These are the people who are gifted with insight (74:31).?
*1- Verse 3:6 Muhkamaat means the 'established' regulations given in clear-cut terms (as compared to the 'similes' and 'examples' to give universal truths). These 'established' (Muhkamaat) facts are to be referred to as the 'mother of the book' i.e., the foundation and basis of law”.
Chapter No.03 Verse No.07
The philosophy of the Holy Qur'an is that the Qur'an explains many discrete facts to us through tangible examples. Now we come to the concern of Dr.Allama Iqbal. Dr. Allama Iqbal has seven famous sermons, In the second sermon, Dr. Allama Iqbal said that in the Qur'an,? "Loh Mahfooz"? (??? ?????) is a “metaphor”,? the explanation which is as follows.
Glossary and Notes:
?Lauh (??? ): The literal meaning is a slate, board, plaque ????, or tablet. While the traditional or religious meaning is "# tablet of destiny or safekeeping".? According to Allama Iqbal:
?"The Holy Qur'an has used the metaphor of Loh-e-Mahfooz (??? ?????).? for the vast or infinite totality of thought, in which all the possibilities of knowledge exist in their simplest form."?
?( By Syed Abid Ali Abid. Talmihat-e-Iqbal. 183-184) in urdu.
#Tablet meaning (a flat slab of stone, clay, or wood, used especially for an inscription.)
Allama Iqbal has said that the metaphor of Loh Mahfouz is used for a wider and unlimited total of thought.
?Allama Iqbal writes in his own English words as follows
In its deeper movement, however, thought is capable of reaching an immanent Infinite in whose self-unfolding movement the various finite concepts are merely moments. In its essential nature, then, thought is not static; it is dynamic and unfolds
its internal infinitude in time like the seed which, from the very beginning carries within itself the organic unity of the tree as a present fact. Thought is, therefore, the whole in its dynamic self-expression, appearing to the temporal vision as a series of definite specifications that cannot be understood except by a reciprocal reference. Their meaning lies not in their self-identity, but in the larger whole which is the specific aspects. This larger whole is to use a Qur'anic metaphor, a kind of Preserved Tablet' (??? ?????) which holds up the entire undetermined possibilities of knowledge as a present reality, revealing itself in serial time as a succession of finite concepts appearing to reach a unity that is already present in them. It is the presence of the total Infinite in the movement of knowledge that makes finite thinking possible.
Conclusion
?I hope that the way Dr. Allama Iqbal raised his concern and explained to us the true spirit of Islam.? We can also be successful in understanding discrete? (????) facts by thinking in the same way.
I have made a humble attempt to explain to you the summary of Allama Iqbal's sermons.? I hope that those who were unfamiliar with these sermons would have understood the meaning of these sermons. May God (Allah) bless you all. Amen!