Singapore???? — A DEVELOPMENT MODEL TO EMULATE ESPECIALLY FOR AFRICAN COUNTRIES: THE CASES OF GHANA???? AND RWANDA????

?????????????????????? — ?? ?????????????????????? ?????????? ???? ?????????????? ???????????????????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????????????????: ?????? ?????????? ???? ?????????????? ?????? ????????????????

Exactly in relation to the title above, Mark-Anthony Johnson in the past three weeks published both the LinkedIn post ??????????????????: ?????? ???????????? ?????????????? ??????????????: ?????????????? ???? ???????? ??????, ???????? ???? ??????. #????????????, ???????? ???????? and its illustrative short videoclip of 4min 58sec at <https://www.dhirubhai.net/posts/mark-anthony-johnson-55615926_africa-africa2024-transformingafrica-activity-7145849724758093825-7qn9> (see also Picture no.1 below).

Particularly about the development challenges Singapore went through and overcame, in 2023 Aurélien Duchêne published in Marine & Oceans an article titled ???????? ???????????????? ?????????????? ???? ?????????? ??????????????????, ??????????????????’?? ???????????????????? ?????????????? ?????????? <https://marine-oceans.com/en/from-wretched-country-to-world-reference-singapores-incredible-success-story/> (see also Picture no.2 below) that relates the outstanding leap forward Singapore made from the 1960s, and from that article one easily draws all the conclusions that matter for Africa if we are to sustainably develop like Singapore did under the 30-years-long strong leadership (oftentimes dubbed ‘iron fist’ autocratic dictatorship) of Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew.

Then specifically exhorting African countries to effectively emulate Singapore — and even other Asian Tigers — there is this other LinkedIn post ?????? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? “????????????” ??????????????????: ?????? ?????????? ???????????????? ???? ???????? ????????????????, ???????? ?????????? ?????? #???????????? ???? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????????????????, ???? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????????????? Mark-Anthony Johnson has published one year back at <https://www.dhirubhai.net/posts/mark-anthony-johnson-55615926_africa-dysfunctional-slavetrade-activity-7026861056459198464-tp3n> (see also Picture no.3 below), which is rather very compelling and is definitely worth reading, analyzing and heeding by Africans.

Now before terminating this article of ours we’d also surely be enabled to form our own opinion about what type of leadership is most likely to lift up Africa, right from checking out what the 2020 Deutsche Welle article ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ???? ?????????????? ??????????????????: ???? 1995, ?????????? ?????????????????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ?????????????? ?? ????????????-???????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ???? ?????????????????? ???? 2020. ???????????? ??????, ???????? ???? ?????????????? ???? ???? ???? ???????????????????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??????????????. ?????????????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????????????? ???????????? <https://amp.dw.com/en/rwanda-singapore-ghana/a-54213958> (see also Picture no.4 below) tells us including the following among others:

??????? ??In fact, Rwanda is the only country in sub-Saharan Africa that has come close?to emulating Singapore's?rags-to-riches story, albeit?not in the same spectacular style.

??????? The small landlocked central African nation boasts years of strong economic growth, pristine streets in the capital Kigali?and donor praise for fighting corruption. "Beating the odds is a challenge we Rwandans and Singaporeans share,"?Rwanda's President Paul Kagame?told Singapore's Prime Minister Lee Hsein Loong, the son of Lee Kuan Yew, on a visit to the Asian state in 2008.? Kagame referred to Singapore as "an inspiration for us in Rwanda," Reuters reported then.

??????? However, critics of Kagame's government argue that?economic?gains have come at the cost of political freedoms like a clampdown on dissenting views and media rights. Kagame has been president of?Rwanda since 2000. By contrast, Ghana has peacefully exchanged power in four presidencies.

??????? Singapore might now be affluent and have a robust?health care system, but its government too is relatively repressive, limiting critical speech and peaceful assembly. According to a 2019 Amnesty report on Singapore, activists and human rights defenders were prosecuted for organizing peaceful meetings and criticizing the government. ?

And indeed, Rwandan President Paul Kagame is expressly intentional with respect to emulating Singapore development model as per the following more recent news report: ?????????? “???? ?? ?????????????? ?????????? ???? ??????????????????” ?????????? ???? “???????????? ???? ?????????????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????????????” (??.??. ??????????????????’?? ???????????????????????? ????????????), “?????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? [?????? ??????????????????] ?? ???????????? ?????????????? ???? ???????????????????????? ???? ???????????? ???? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????????????????????? ???????????????????? (??????), ?????????????? ?????????????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ?????? ?????????????? ???????????????????? ???? ?????????? ???????????????? ??????????.” ~ Channel News Asia (CNA) reporting about Singapore-Rwanda Relations; Singapore, September 30, 2022 (see short video of 1min 41sec at <https://youtu.be/Jt3cSNHo-Vc> and also related Picture no.5 below).

Finally last but not least as well as in consistency with the above last but two Deutsche Welle’s article paragraphs, there is the particular instance that confirms the qualification of Singapore Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew’s strong leadership which transpires from the following tweet or X post accompanied by the very short videoclip of 1min 43sec by Saddick Adams exemplifying how Lee Kwan Yew would lead Singapore with an ‘iron fist’ <https://x.com/saddickadams/status/1681433188374118401> (see also Picture no.6 below).

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