Epithelial-derived factors induce muscularis mucosa of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived gastric organoids

"Human gastric development has not been well studied. The generation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived gastric organoids (hGOs) comprising gastric marker-expressing epithelium without an apparent smooth muscle (SM) structure has been reported. We modified previously reported protocols to generate hGOs with muscularis?mucosa?(MM) from?hiPSCs. Time course analyses revealed that epithelium development occurred prior to MM formation.?Sonic hedgehog (SHH) and TGF-β1 were secreted by the epithelium. HH and TGF-β signal inhibition prevented subepithelial MM formation. A mechanical property of the substrate promoted?SM differentiation?around hGOs in the presence of TGF-β. TGF-β signaling was shown to influence the?HH signaling?and mechanical properties. In addition, clinical specimen findings suggested the involvement of TGF-β signaling in MM formation in recovering gastric ulcers. HH and TGF-β signaling from the epithelium to the stroma and the mechanical properties of the subepithelial environment may influence the emergence of MM in human stomach tissue" Read more

In this study Total RNA derived from two normal stomach samples purchased from BioChain Institute were also analyzed as controls. BioChain offers a broad spectrum of RNA products derived from various organ systems and tissues of human, animal, and plant origin with different developmental stages and disease conditions apart from normal tissues.