ENHANCING MULTI-GRADE OIL PERFORMANCE WITH VIIs: A STUDY OF POLYETHYLENE-PROPYLENE AND HYDROGENATED POLY(ISOPRENE CO STYRENE) COPOLYMERS

When the car engine heats up, the oil in it experiences a broad temperature range from cold in winter to high temperatures in summer.?

Single-Grade Oils and Viscosity Index Improvers

So when the temperature increases, the viscosity of the oil decreases. To solve this issue in modern cars and in regions like the UAE, single-grade oils are formulated to maintain viscosity across a wide range.?

Adding viscosity index improvers to engine oil has made it work better at high temperatures. These polymers are added to low-viscosity oils to make them thicker at high temperatures.?

This is done to improve their viscosity-temperature property. Multi-grade oils are created because of this progress; they have a greater lubricating effect across a wider temperature range.?

The viscosity index is a number that shows how the viscosity of oil changes over a certain range of temperatures. If the viscosity index is low, the viscosity changes a lot with temperature.?

If it is high, the viscosity changes less with temperature. It ranges from 95 to 105 for most paraffinic oils.

You can use essential additives for modern lubricants, as viscosity index improvers or viscosity adjusters, to make up for the loss of viscosity that happens when the temperature goes up.?

Adding these polymers to low-viscosity oils improves their viscosity-temperature property. This makes the oils less likely to change viscosity when the temperature changes.

Additives like these are necessary for modern lubricants to work. They make the oil more viscous and ensure effective lubrication across a wide temperature range.

Essential Factors in Choosing the Right Oil

Viscosity is an important property that tells you how thick an oil is and how easily it runs at certain temperatures.?

On the other hand, the viscosity index of lubricating oils is a very important quality indicator.?

Classifying Engine Oil Viscosity-The SAE J300 Standard

This subjective metric tells us important things about how well the oil works across a temperature range by measuring how the kinematic viscosity changes with temperature. Viscosity is one of the things that is used to classify engine mineral oils.?

It affects both how well they lubricate and how well they work at different temperatures. An important standard for classifying viscosities is SAE J 300, which was made by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE).?

It sorts oils into groups based on their kinematic and dynamic viscosities in different situations. Based on their viscosity, the SAE viscosity classification standard divides engine oils into two main groups: those with a number and a "W" and those with just a number.?

The "W" oils have upper and lower limits for their dynamic viscosity and pumping resistance at low temperatures. At 100°C, they have lower limits for their kinematic viscosity.?

That being said, oils that don't have the "W" designation have defined shear rates of 105 s-1 and a lower limit of viscosity at 150°C. They also have upper and lower limits for kinematic viscosity at 100°C.

They don't have any specific limits for viscosity at low temperatures, though. Multi-grade oils can handle both low and high viscosity levels, while monograde oils only need to be able to handle one.?

If you put multi-grade oils in cold temps, they don't get too thick, but they still do what you need them to do when the temperature rises. These oils can keep their viscosity levels more fixed as temperatures rise better than single-grade oils because of this.

The Importance of Viscosity Index Improvers in Multi-grade Oils Across Varying Temperatures

Different temperatures thicken the oil. When the temperature goes up, the viscosity goes down more obviously.?

The viscosity of oil decreases logarithmically as the temperature rises, though not as quickly as it does at room temperature.

As a result, the oil goes from being monograde to multigrade, which means it can lubricate over a bigger temperature range.

The log-viscosity vs. log-temperature line falls at a certain angle based on factors like the properties of the oil and the type and quantity of the polymer used.?

The main goal of this study is to find the viscosity index of mineral oil viscosity modifiers, such as copolymer solutions like Infineum SV 260 and Paratone 8900. We also looked at how well these methods worked against SAE 10W, a common paraffinic oil.

Materials And Methods

Solid OCP-co-polymers are available in granulate or bale form; CHEMPOL markets this product as 5550.?

It gives off a faint paraffinic aroma and has a white bale color in oil-extended grades in addition to its naturally opaque tint.?

Its relative density falls 15.6 °C, Kg/m3, and its pH value is irrelevant.?

One other copolymer by CHEMPOL is P20 OCP ETHYLENE - PROPYLENE, a hydrogenated poly (DIENE MONOMER).?

You can find this substance in white pellets; it looks like crushed crumbs and is white solid.?

It improves the oil's ability to flow smoothly in cold weather while keeping it thick enough to protect the engine in hot weather.?

This is especially important in places with extreme temperatures like the UAE. The pellets need to be dissolved in oil at a high temperature (100-160°C) with strong mixing for a few hours.?

The exact amount and type of oil will depend on the desired thickness and other factors. It's best to consult with CHEMPOL experts for specific advice.?

Methods

Two polymers were broken down in SAE 10W oil in a way that needed to be carefully watched at room temperature and stirred slowly for many weeks.?

Starting with 6 g/dL, mineral oil SAE 10W was added to the solutions to make them less concentrated until they reached 3 to 5 g/dL.?

A set of Schott Ubbelohde-type viscometers is used to measure the kinematic viscosities of the mineral oil SAE 10W and the concentrated copolymer solutions.?

The constants and solution viscosities of these viscometers were used to make sure that the measurement error ranges, which are caused by the Hagenbach-Couette adjustment, didn't go over the allowed error.?

The Tests At 40±0.02 And 100±0.02°c, According To The Astm D2270

We used a set of viscometers to test the viscosity index improvers for solutions with amounts of 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, and 5 g/dL.?

Ioana Stanciu's research in the Chemistry Section says that this very careful experimental method was necessary to find out the solution viscosities in controlled conditions exactly.

This experiment showed that viscosity index improvers work differently in different situations because the levels of increase were very different between the concentrations that were tested.

The Focus Of The Study

The main goal of this study is to find the best VI for mineral oil-based lubricants. The study is about certain VI improvement options, like Infineum SV 260 and Paratone 8900. We compare them and rate how well they work to make a common paraffinic oil (SAE 10W) thicker.