Encapsulation: A Fundamental Concept in Object-Oriented Programming

Encapsulation, a core principle of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), involves bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit or class. This encapsulated unit shields the internal state of an object from external interference and manipulation, promoting data integrity and security.

Key Aspects of Encapsulation:

1. Data Hiding: Encapsulation hides the internal state of an object from direct access by external code, preventing unauthorized modifications and ensuring controlled access through well-defined interfaces.
2. Access Modifiers: Utilizing access modifiers such as private, public, and protected allows developers to control the visibility and accessibility of class members, enforcing encapsulation.
3. Information Hiding: Encapsulation promotes information hiding by exposing only necessary details through public methods, abstracting the implementation details and reducing dependency on internal structures.

Code Example in C#:

Conclusion:

Encapsulation enhances code maintainability, reusability, and scalability by enforcing a clear separation of concerns and minimizing the impact of changes. Embracing encapsulation empowers developers to build robust and secure software systems in adherence to OOP principles.