Embracing AI for Sustainable Architectural Design: A Paradigm Shift

For years, sustainability in architecture has been synonymous with technology. Efficiency was directly linked to innovative technological devices adorning buildings with gadgets. Today, however, sustainability encompasses various strategies that also recognize vernacular techniques and local materials as crucial for creating sustainable, zero-carbon-emission buildings.

Regardless of the technique or materials used, the common denominator is the pursuit of reducing the carbon footprint of our architecture. This requires changes in how buildings are conceived, constructed, and managed. Whether reverting to vernacular methods or employing cutting-edge applications, these strategies aim to reach the same destination and are equally valid despite their differences.

Artificial Intelligence (AI), in particular, has been revolutionizing our way of life for decades. Starting discreetly with automated controls for lighting, security, and other appliances, AI has progressed to precise calculations of a building's energy efficiency. Beyond these applications, AI is implemented to gain a deeper understanding of a structure's energy efficiency and dynamics of societal interaction, as well as how the structure interacts with the environment.

The application of AI for decarbonizing architecture begins in the conceptual design phase, providing valuable data for better space optimization and thermal comfort generation. In practice, AI can collaborate with passive design techniques to optimize building orientation, window sizes, and shading, maximizing natural light and ventilation. Passive design based on AI can help create buildings that are naturally energy-efficient, reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions. Additionally, AI algorithms can analyze and suggest optimal material choices based on sustainability criteria, considering factors such as carbon footprint, recyclability, durability, and energy efficiency.

Studies indicate that the construction sector is responsible for about a third of global greenhouse gas emissions. In response, various strategies, including the evolving role of AI, are being implemented to reduce the carbon footprint of buildings. AI not only influences the conceptual design phase but is also making strides in the construction phase. Emerging software applications are being tested to reduce emissions from cement and steel production by optimizing fuel combustion and reducing clinker proportions. Furthermore, AI contributes to optimizing concrete mixes to reduce carbon footprint and accelerate the discovery of new materials.

Beyond AI's contribution to decarbonizing architecture in the design and construction processes, significant progress is evident in building adaptation and daily operations. Energy efficiency is crucial when discussing decarbonization in architecture. According to the International Energy Agency, maintaining buildings in operation will contribute to approximately 26% of global energy-related greenhouse gas emissions in 2022.

In this context, the appeal from AI-focused companies is clear: "If you can't measure what matters, you can't make a change." Therefore, the proposal is to use AI to map historical patterns and daily habits of occupants, enabling device activation or deactivation. This approach breathes "life" into the building, making architecture responsive and adaptive to the surrounding environment.

With an integrated sensor system, precise control of heating and cooling is possible. It is also possible to regulate lighting and other energy-related activities, contributing to a reduction of 20% or more in annual energy consumption. The results are promising, but it is crucial to emphasize that AI fundamentally operates based on data, and if these data are not collected correctly—with poorly positioned or insufficient sensors—the entire technological apparatus becomes useless.

Beyond these examples, the application of AI in architecture extends to various aspects. Regardless of how or when it is applied, it is essential to consider that it is not a form of magic but rather software created by humans to assist in decisions that can contribute to the decarbonization of architecture. We won't save the planet solely with AI software, but it can prove to be a crucial tool in completing the puzzle.

Let's embrace the transformative power of AI in sustainable architectural design—a paradigm shift toward a greener, more efficient future.

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