Design patterns are general reusable solutions to common problems that occur during software development. They are templates for solving certain types of problems in a way that is both efficient and effective. Design patterns capture and formalize best practices for designing and structuring code. There are several types of design patterns, categorized into three main groups: creational, structural, and behavioral.
Creational Design Patterns:
- Singleton Pattern ?? Ensures a class has only one instance, like a single home
- Factory Method Pattern ?? Defines an interface for creating objects, resembling a manufacturing process
- Abstract Factory Pattern ?? Provides a toolkit for creating families of related objects, akin to using tools for a specific task
- Builder Pattern??? Separates construction from representation, just like using tools to build something
Structural Design Patterns:
- Adapter Pattern?? Allows the interface of an existing class to be used as another interface, like adapting different plug types
- Decorator Pattern ?? Attaches additional responsibilities to an object, resembling adding layers of decoration
- Facade Pattern ?? Provides a simplified interface, much like the front view of a castle hiding its complexity
- Composite Pattern ?? Composes objects into tree structures, similar to how parts make up a whole tree
Behavioral Design Patterns:
- Observer Pattern ?? Defines a one-to-many dependency between objects, resembling how observers (eyes) react to changes
- Strategy Pattern?? Defines a family of algorithms, akin to choosing different strategies to hit a target
- Command Pattern??? Encapsulates a request as an object, like a magical command on a scroll
- Chain of Responsibility Pattern?? Passes a request along a chain of handlers, resembling links in a chain
- MVC (Model-View-Controller) Pattern ??? Separates concerns in an application, much like different components in a picture frame
- Dependency Injection Pattern?? Provides a technique for building loosely coupled components, like interconnecting gears
