L2- Electrical System Design Calculations
Trafo Design And Services
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Designing an electrical system involves various calculations and considerations to ensure efficiency, safety, and reliability. Here's a general outline of how you can approach each of the below aspects:
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1. Sizing of Inverter Transformer:
?? - Determine the rated power of your inverter.
?? - Calculate the required voltage transformation ratio based on the input and output voltage of the inverter.
?? - Size the transformer based on the rated power and voltage transformation ratio, considering factors like efficiency and load variation.
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2. Sizing of Power Transformer:
?? - Determine the total load demand of your system.
?? - Calculate the expected future load growth.
?? - Size the power transformer based on the total load demand, future growth, and any other specific requirements like redundancy or fault tolerance.
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3. Sizing of Cables and Overhead Conductor:
?? - Calculate the maximum current expected in each circuit.
?? - Determine the allowable voltage drop for each circuit.
?? - Size the cables or conductors based on the maximum current and allowable voltage drop, considering factors like ambient temperature, installation method, and derating.
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4. Sizing of UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply):
?? - Determine the critical load that needs to be supported by the UPS.
?? - Calculate the power requirements of the critical load, considering both active power and reactive power.
?? - Size the UPS based on the power requirements and desired backup time.
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5. Sizing of Battery and Battery Charger:
?? - Determine the total energy storage required to support critical loads during power outages.
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?? - Calculate the discharge rate and depth of discharge based on the expected duration of outages.
?? - Size the battery bank and charger based on the total energy storage required and the discharge characteristics of the battery.
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6. Calculation of Earthing System:
?? - Determine the soil resistivity of the site.
?? - Calculate the required grounding resistance based on safety standards and fault current levels.
?? - Design the earthing system including grounding electrodes, conductors, and connections to ensure proper grounding and safety.
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7. Illumination Calculation:
?? - Determine the required illuminance levels for different areas (e.g., workspaces, walkways).
?? - Calculate the number and placement of light fixtures based on the desired illuminance levels, light distribution characteristics, and any specific requirements or regulations.
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8. Lightning Protection Calculation:
?? - Assess the risk of lightning strikes based on the location and characteristics of the site.
?? - Design a lightning protection system including lightning rods, down conductors, and grounding electrodes to safely dissipate lightning strikes and protect equipment and personnel.
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9. CT and PT Sizing:
?? - Determine the rated primary and secondary currents for current transformers (CTs) and the voltage transformation ratio for potential transformers (PTs) based on the characteristics of the connected equipment and the measurement requirements.
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10. SC Force Calculation of Switchyard:
?? - Calculate the short-circuit current levels at various points in the switchyard.
?? - Determine the mechanical forces exerted by the short-circuit currents on the switchyard equipment, including structures, busbars, and supports, to ensure structural integrity and safety.
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Each of these calculations involves specific formulas and considerations that may vary depending on the particular requirements of your project and local regulations and standards.