EINSTEIN UNITES PARTICLE & WAVE

Albert Einstein, building on the work of Galileo, Newton and Maxwell, was able to scientifically reveal to humanity the central role of local symmetry (harmony, balance) in Nature, i.e., the cosmos, which unites particle and wave.

?“As a boy of twelve years making my acquaintance with elementary mathematics (...) I became more and more convinced that even nature could be understood as a relatively simple mathematical structure.”—Albert Einstein (as quoted in The Tower, 13 April 1935; Einstein to the Princeton High School reporter Henry Russo)

“...Einstein's theories focused on invariant properties of things that do not change, no matter what...”—K.C. Cole (The Universe and the Teacup - The Mathematics of Truth and Beauty, 1997, pp.172-173)

Albert Einstein’s genius was to scientifically unveil a) that the LOCAL laws of Nature (the cosmos) are the same, i.e., symmetric everywhere and all the time, and accordingly that b) LOCAL SYMMETRY is Nature’s, i.e., the cosmos’ wonderful core principle.

For Einstein, local symmetry was both his beautiful guiding North Star and his scientific, ground-breaking and revolutionary discovery.

“Einstein’s great advance in 1905 was to put symmetry first, to regard the symmetry principle as the primary feature of nature …”—David Gross (The role of symmetry in fundamental physics, PNAS, vol.93 no.25, 10 December 1996, p. 14256)

“Symmetry Dictates Design (…) Einstein bequeathed to my generation of physicists: nothing less than a new way of doing physics.” –Anthony Zee (Fearful Symmetry, 2007, p.95)

“... Albert Einstein (...) brought a new style into thinking about Nature’s fundamental principles. For Einstein beauty, in the specific form of symmetry, takes on a life of its own. Beauty becomes a creative principle.”—Frank Wilczek (A Beautiful Question, 2015, p.199)

A PHOTON IS A PARTICLE:

Einstein received his Nobel Prize for his discovery in 1905 that a photon (a bundle, packet, or quantum of light, i.e., electromagnetism) is a PARTICLE, A SMALL, LOCALIZED UNIT.

A light beam was a stream of photons, small units, particles of lights, Einstein unveiled.

“Einstein followed Planck’s lead and proposed that the energy of each photon is proportional to the frequency of the light wave (with the proportionality factor being Planck’s constant.)”—Brian Greene (The Elegant Universe, 2003, p.96)

?LOCAL SYMMETRY & THE PHOTON-WAVE REALITY:

Symmetry means SAMENESS.

Being proportional also means sameness: If A grows, B will grow, too, by the SAME amount.

Einstein reasoned that the photon’s energy is PROPORTIONAL (like GROWING BY THE SAME AMOUNT) to the light wave’s frequency.

So, the RELATIONSHIP between the photon’s energy and the light wave’s frequency stays the SAME, i.e., SYMMETRIC.

Hence there is a symmetric relationship. Symmetry has at its core the EQUAL SIGN to denote sameness, equivalence. So, we can write:

ASPECT#1: Relative to number 2, number 1 is small, concise, LOCAL. That is what we can understand as a concise UNITY, or particle, like the photon.

ASPECT#2: Relative to number 1, number 2 is large, the ADDITIONAL, or simply put, MORE. The ADDTITIONAL or MORE can also be understood as:

• COUNTING (1,2,3…)
• or ENERGY, as energy is defined as the ability to do work (against a resistance), i.e., to do MORE, to be MORE, the ADDITIONAL

So, we can understand ASPECT#2 as:

• the FREQUENCY (counting)
• and ENERGY

THE CYCLIC NATURE OF SYMMETRY:

Since ASPECT#2 refers back to ASPECT#1 via the equal sign, and ASPECT#1 equally always reaches for ASPECT#2 via the equal sign, there is a DYNAMIC inherent to local symmetry that is both

• ?ALL-INCLUSIVE
• and CIRCULATING and hence CYCLICAL

The CYCLIC feature is the COUNTING, the FREQUENCY.

The ALL-INCLUSIVE wholeness is a UNIT of MORE, a UNIT that contains the two aspects of the symmetry equation. Since #2 is represented by MORE, and MORE IS ENERGY, we know that the WHOLE = ENERGY.

This wholeness of energy has a circulating, that is, cyclical Nature.

So, ASPECT#1, the localized particle, the PHOTON is part of a WHOLENESS that is MORE, i.e., CIRCULATING ENERGY. The particle (UNTIY, aspect#1) combines with the frequency (MORE, COUNTING, aspect#2) as CIRCULATING ENERGY.

Since MORE is ASPECT#2, and since MORE, by definition, like THE ADDITIONAL (or COUNTING), has no limit, the CIRCULATING ENERGY (the wholeness of all) stretches out from Minus infinity to Plus infinity—that is, all over space.

This constitutes the 3-dimensional, revolving wave (around an axis), that the particle is included in, and which looks like a revolving corkscrew that stretches out from minus to plus infinity, i.e., all over space:?

The particle is hence at infinitely many places at the same time, i.e., in a symmetric fashion, due to the symmetric design of the corkscrew-like wave that always has the same (symmetric) distance from the axis, which is why the particle can be said to be everywhere at the same time.

WHY DOES THE PARTICLE WANT TO BE A WAVE?

Again, the local symmetry equation is:

Symmetry is by definition LOCAL, because that is the FIRST ASPECT.

This local aspect of UNITY (a particle) is then equal to MORE, the SECOND ASPECT.

MORE MEANS:

• to prefer something, which is why the particle (aspect#1, unity) prefers to be MORE (non-local)—that is, a revolving wave-pattern (wavefunction) that harmoniously (symmetrically) stretches out all over infinity, all over space.
• having more than just one option. That is why the particle is not just one wave (wavefunction), but actually infinitely many waves, that all represent different options, or alternatives, like that a particle is at infinitely many locations at the same time.

MORE=UNITY: Since MORE is unified, i.e., HOLISTIC, the infinitely many waves combine into a wave packet (an interference pattern), which then tells us that the photon is MORE here (highest crest or trough) than there (lower crests or troughs). This then can get turned into probabilities (MORE likely here than there) that add up to 100%, i.e., to 1 or UNITY (via squaring the whole wavefunction).

Physics Nobel Prize laureate Roger Penrose reasoned that the concept of the particle and the wave are actually the same, symmetric, thing, and constitute aspects of something underlying, which is symmetry itself, as was delineated above.

“Nature contrives to build a consistent world in which particles and field-oscillations are the same thing! Or, rather, her world consists of some more subtle ingredient, the words ‘particle’ and ‘wave’ conveying but partially appropriate pictures.”—Roger Penrose (The Emperor’s New Mind, 1999, p.299)

“... the language has been learned - whatever new answers are found, and deeper questions spawned, about the universe or its mathematical fabric, at the center will be symmetry.”—Leon M. Lederman & Christopher T. Hill (Symmetry and the Beautiful Universe, 2004, p.289)

The core of Nature, the cosmos, is hence not something statistical, as Einstein reasoned, but a simple, beautiful principle, local symmetry, that—due to its MORE TERM—allows for statistical conditions to be recognized.

“Based on our experiences so far, we have reason to be confident that nature is the realization of the simplest conceivable mathematical concept.”—Albert Einstein (On the Method of Theoretical Physics, June, 10, 1933, own translation)

CONCLUSION:

In the course of human evolution, it was the honorable privilege of Albert Einstein to reveal—with scientific and mathematical elegance—the central role of LOCAL SYMMETRY in beautiful Nature, in the magnificent cosmos. This was and is the greatest gift for a civilization. But humanity has not yet fully accepted this most vital and beautiful gift. I think, it would be most wise, if humanity, with joy, gratefulness and frontier spirit embraced this wonderful beauty of Nature for the benefit of all—each local individual and the planet.

“In truth, I never believed that the foundations of physics could consist of laws of a statistical nature.”—Albert Einstein (as quoted in The Ultimate Quotable Einstein by Alice Calaprice, 2011, p.399)

“The perspectives offered by symmetry (…) It is imperative that we try to give the nonscientific members of society, who, through democratic processes, make the final decisions, a better understanding of the key issues. In fact, our future depends upon it.”—Leon M. Lederman & Christopher T. Hill (Symmetry and the Beautiful Universe, 2004, pp.24-25)

“All religions, arts and sciences are branches of the same tree. All these aspirations are directed toward ennobling man's life, lifting it from the sphere of mere physical existence and leading the individual towards freedom.”—Albert Einstein (Out of My Later Years, a collection of essays by Albert Einstein, 1995, p.9)

“Symmetry is now known to be at the heart of our understanding of nature. In essence, we live in a world that is fundamentally governed by symmetry.”—Leon Ledermann & Christopher Hill (Beyond The God Particle, 2013, p.99)

“Einstein (…) was driven by a passionate belief that the deepest understanding of the universe would reveal its truest wonder: the simplicity and power of the principles on which it was based (...) to illuminate the workings of the universe with a clarity never achieved before, allowing us all to stand in awe of its sheer beauty and elegance.”—Brian Greene (The Elegant Universe, Preface 2003, p. xiii)

“It is a glorious feeling to perceive the unity of a complex of phenomena which appear as separate entities to direct sensory observation.”—Albert Einstein (Letter to Marcel Grossman, 14 April 1901, Collected Papers, vol.1, doc.100)