Egypt's Lone Unattainable Nightmare.

I wonder if the current powers in Egypt are aware that their bullying failed to threaten the people of East Africa, Ethiopia in particular. Their one-on-one bullying has already dominated the international conversation in the media and has become a laughable subject for the people of the Horn of Africa. Thus, the current Egyptian government should realize that poorly thought-out systemic bullying and all its impacts are causing a significant crisis only in Egypt and its international relationships alone. Applying the concept of the “sociological imagination,” which links private problems and public issues, authors Charles Derber and Yale Magrass argue that individual bullying is an outgrowth—and a necessary function— that grows into a more significant social illness. Bullying as a strategy in Egypt seems to be a structural problem arising from a failed government system organized around steep power hierarchies- from the President's office, the Egyptian parliament, made up of 596 seats, with 448 seats elected through the single-member districts, 120 elected through?party bloc vote. The bullying exercise continues to grow from schools and the military to corporate offices and into the larger populace. The parliament and the Egyptian people must open the camouflaged screen and look at the hidden problems. Only peaceful negotiations could solve problems; bullying is a disguise, creating confusion as a coverup to problems.

Furthermore, the story of Egypt as the sole owner of the Nile is dominantly institutionalized as a culture in which violence and aggression were used in history as natural and just causes to protect it from other nations, including the Nile basin countries. The history of power inequalities between Egypt and other African countries during colonial and post-colonial nation-building made the nation's bullying platform more likely because of the non-justifiable and one-sided so-called unequal agreement. Through these agreements, the colonial masters purposely inserted rules, resulting in lifelong psychological scars on the African people. The colonial masters ensured under the leadership of Egypt that international bullying would continue for generations. Thus, it became impossible to reduce such bullying without first challenging the institutions that breed and encourage it, neocolonialism. At present, Egypt is striving to enlist other African countries in its network of interconnected governments and military institutions, which perpetuate systemic bullying to establish an atmosphere of intimidation over countries seeking a fair share of the Nile water, soil, and sea access. So far, only two renegade leaders without the people have shown interest in participating in the madness. The only way for Africans to tackle the issue of equitable resource allocation and utilization is by acknowledging the Egyptian bullying enterprise and making concerted efforts towards rural and urban development in cooperation with other African countries.

The Egyptian government should understand that a sovereign country has the right to be self-governing and independent of any other political entity.?It has a defined territory and an independent government with supreme authority over its population and territory.?No other nation or entity has authority over a sovereign country or controls its territory or part of its territory.?

Sovereignty is the foundation of international relations and establishes basic rules for how countries interact.?In principle, it means that countries can control what happens within their borders and cannot interfere with what happens elsewhere.?

According to the United Nations,?a "sovereign country" is a state with complete authority over its territory and population, meaning it is independent and can govern itself without interference from other nations;?concerning natural resources, the UN recognizes the principle of "permanent sovereignty over natural resources," which means that each country has the right to freely dispose of its natural wealth within its borders, as outlined in UN General Assembly Resolution 1803 (XVII).?Key points about sovereign countries and natural resources in the UN framework:?Sovereignty definition: A sovereign nation has the ultimate power to make decisions within its territory and is not subject to the control of any other state.?Permanent sovereignty over natural resources: This principle states that each nation has the right to control and manage its natural resources, including minerals, oil, and water, for the benefit of its people.?International law implications: The UN Charter and various resolutions uphold the principle of permanent sovereignty over natural resources, which means that other countries should respect a nation's right to utilize its natural wealth.?

Egypt was one of the original members of the UN, signing the UN Charter on June 26, 1945, and ratifying it on October 22, 1945. Egypt has played a role in UN reform and the expansion of the UN Security Council.?Egypt has also hosted several international conferences, including the International Conference on Population and Development in 1994 and the Ninth UN Congress on the Prevention of Crime and Treatment of Offenders in 1995.?Egypt was also one of the founding Member States of the?Organization of African Unity?(OAU) in May 1963. Egypt considers the OAU the organization that defends Africa's unity, embraces solidarity and expresses its voice in the international arena.

Multiple times throughout the early 19th century,?Ottoman Egypt attempted to assert their control over the region around the modern Ethiopian-Sudanese border, putting them into conflict with the regional rulers of Ethiopia's western Begemder province, such as at Kalnabu, Wadkaltabu, Gallabat, and Dabarki. The Khedive of Egypt, Ismail Pasha,?aspired to expand his kingdom's reach over the entire Nile region and Red Sea coast and began slowly encroaching on Ethiopia's borders. Ethiopian Emperor Yohannes IV (King John to the English) only recently came to power in 1872.

In the current situation, the dispute escalated after Ethiopia announced more filling of the Grand Renaissance Dam over the Nile River, reigniting a decade-long conflict.?Egypt and Ethiopia have again raised their long-standing dispute over a dam over the Nile River at the UN, with the two sides making non-competing claims. In ancient times, the name Ethiopia was?primarily used to describe the modern-day nation of Sudan, which is based in the Upper Nile valley and is located south of Egypt. It is also called Kush, and then secondarily, it was used to describe Sub-Sahara.

However, according to the United Nations, Ethiopia joined the United Nations on?November 13, 1945, making it one of the original 51 member states.?Ethiopia was the first independent African country to join the UN. Ethiopia is a sovereign nation with the ultimate power to make decisions within its territory and is not subject to the control of any other state.? According to the principle of the UN, Ethiopia, as a permanent sovereign state, has the right to control and manage its natural resources, including minerals, oil, and water, for the benefit of its people.?

No international law in the book exists that imposes or persuades conditions on the Nile-originating countries to share water and soil with any other country outside of their territory. Furthermore, neither the United Nations, Superpowers, nor the Security Council has the right or responsibility to vacate the United Nations mandate of the ultimate power of nations to make decisions to control and manage nations' natural resources within their sovereign territory.

However, the United Nations encourages negotiation in Article 33, and the 1988 Manila Declaration on the Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes states that direct negotiations are an effective way to settle disputes peacefully. The African Union supports conflict resolution through mediation procedures, early warning systems, and alliances with domestic and foreign organizations. The conflict between Egypt and the Nile Basin is self-fabricated by the Egyptian government, which was agreed upon between Egypt and the United Kingdom, giving downstream Egypt and Sudan rights to the Nile water. Egypt took 55.5 billion cubic meters and Sudan 18.5 billion cubic meters of 84 billion cubic meters, with 10 billion lost to evaporation. That agreement, first signed in 1929, did not account for the other nations along the river basin agitating for a more equitable accord.

A regional partnership of 10 countries agreed on the?equitable use of water resources?from the Nile River basin, which has come into force despite Egypt's notable opposition. Ethiopia, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, and Tanzania have ratified the accord. Egypt and Sudan declined to sign, while Congo abstained. Kenya has not yet deposited its ratification documents with the African Union.

The accord, which came into force, is a testament to the collective determination of the African States to harness the Nile River for the benefit of all, ensuring its equitable and sustainable use for generations to come,” the Nile Basin Initiative said. “This is a moment to congratulate the governments and people of the Nile riparian countries, as well as all partners and stakeholders, for their patience, resolve, and dedication to this cause.”

The lack of ratification by Egypt and Sudan—desert nations that have raised concern over any attempts to diminish their shares of Nile water—means the accord will prove controversial. Neither Egypt nor Sudan has the right to dictate the proportion of water or soil from the Nile River because they are noncontributing beneficiaries of the water and soil, and the Nile originates far from their territories.

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