Effects of Climate Change on the Petrel Bulwer Population in the NE Atlantic Ocean

Climate change continues to be a deep concern and problem for marine ecosystems. Starting from the late 20th century, ocean warming has more than doubled. These changes have resulted in shifts in marine organisms' science, phenology, and distribution. most of those who inhabit ecosystems with high monsoons from high latitudes often migrate (Dingle, 2014). Currently, research on the impact of climate change on wildlife on the high seas that focuses on the tropics and subtropics is still relatively minimal which causes a lack of awareness of the impacts of climate change in the tropics and subtropics.

????Seabirds because the ideal organisms to know the impact of climate change have a position close to the top of the marine food web and variations in demographic parameters or diet can describe changes that occur at lower levels (Lescro?l et al., 2016). The first study on the demographic evaluation of climate change in several marine apex predators that breed in tropical and sub-tropical latitudes was carried out by Cruz-Flores in Petrel Bulwer (Bulweria bulwerii) by spreading three populations across a tropical climate gradient. in the NE Atlantic Ocean.

????It was found that SST was the most influential environmental variable in the life of Bulwer Petrel in captivity. The increase in SST and higher discharge from the nearest river have an effect on increasing primary productivity and availability of prey for Bulwer petrel. On the other hand, wild bull petrels had no effect on SST. During the breeding season, they prefer to stay even in adverse conditions. However, in the non-breeding season, they are more prone to migrate in search of food. In addition, climate change is the most visible reason for the decline in Bulwer petrel life in the Atlantic distribution region, especially for tropical populations. This decline in life cannot be reduced if species are able to adapt. For availability due to increased SST, Bulwer Petrel most likely diverts its food as new prey or travels longer distances and spends more energy looking for food. Guiding them can also adjust their reproductive phenology to suit the time period of the highest prey or shift their distribution to higher latitudes with more favorable environmental conditions. The petrel scenario is likely to occur with other marine species with a fluctuating highlight that can range from apex predators to moderate predators. It is important to pay attention to multi-population approaches and further research on the impact of marine life on organisms.

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References

Cruz-Flores, M., Pradel, R., Bried, J., Milit?o, T., Neves, V. C., González-Solís, J., & Ramos, R. (2022). Will climate change affect the survival of tropical and subtropical species? predictions based on Bulwer's petrel populations in the NE Atlantic Ocean. Science of The Total Environment, 847, 157352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157352

Dingle, H. (2014). Migration: the biology of life on the move. Oxford University Press, USA.

Lescro?l, A., Mathevet, R., Péron, C., Authier, M., Provost, P., Takahashi, A., & Grémillet, D. (2016). Seeing the ocean through the eyes of seabirds: A new path for marine conservation? Marine Policy, 68, 212–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2016.02.015