An educated guess

My colleague Helena Paulsson and I recently released an e-book version of our book Predicting the Unpredictable - a Nordic Approach to Shaping Future Cities. Below you can read the preface of the book – and click here to find out how to access it.

We grew up in different parts of Sweden, in a country with enormous differences between the vibrant, yet cosy city centres, and the suburbs made of concrete. The Sweden we grew up in had a vision of overcoming the housing shortage of the 1960s and 70s. That vision was not built on dreams or ideas of how the city would improve the quality of life. It was not focusing on interactions between people, nor with creating a sense of calm within the cities nor with giving citizens the opportunity to enjoy the bustling aspects of for example outdoor cafés. It was a very different vision from the one we have for our cities.

Cities are built for future generations – but what do we know about their needs in fifty years’ time, let alone twenty or ten? We know that sustainability will be central; cities need to be developed to a greater extent in symbiosis with their surroundings, and they will need to be designed and built to be more resilient to extreme weather and/or rising sea levels than ever before due to climate change.

However, this is where assessments start to differ. What should we think about when planning a new building or a new urban area? What should we think about when we plan our cities? One thing is certain: without technological solutions based on a human-centric approach development will stop.

Those of us who are professionals today might just be the last generation to need a driving licence. We will be the last to have experienced cassettes and VHS, petrol-driven cars, a world without the internet and mobile phones, the last ones to have experienced real-time television, when everyone more or less watched the same programme at the same time.

We are the last generation in many aspects and this means that our children are the first generation of a new age. We have no idea yet what form it will take. How will 3D printing, AI and machine learning, deliveries by drone and electric aircraft change our lives, our needs and our cities? All we know is that it will demand a lot of future generations’ ability to adjust, just as t always has. This new generation deserves cities that satisfy their needs and desires. It is up to us to help make this happen in a good way.

A worn concept is ‘smart cities’ – which many people take to mean a digitalised, connected city. We believe that digitalisation is only a tool. It is evident that it will influence the direction of development and the ability of cities to satisfy people’s needs and desires, but we would rather talk about the cities of the future. How can we build cities for the next generation to experience all that we cannot yet conceive of?

That is what this book is all about. About what we know, what we don’t know, and how we should approach tomorrow.

Part of the solution can be found in a Nordic approach to urban development, based on sustainability, digital solutions, industrial efficiency on a human scale and, most important, trust. It is no coincidence that the Nordic region’s capital cities take turns being voted the world’s greenest, smartest and ‘most liveable’ cities.

The Nordic countries are at the forefront of transforming their energy systems and replacing fossil fuels with renewable fuels. In Norway, 99 per cent of electricity is produced using hydro power, and every other new car sold is electrically powered. Oslo is in the process of removing all on-street parking places in the inner city and is planning a completely car-free city centre. Helsinki is instead expecting to render the private car unnecessary by working with mobility as a service, where you pay a monthly sum that enables you to travel by metro, bus, electric scooter, bike or taxi. Copenhagen has consciously invested in a bicycle-based infrastructure; 40 per cent of residents now cycle every day. The trend towards the green city of the future is moving forward fast, and in many respects it is moving at the fastest pace in the Nordic region.

The term ‘sustainability’ was coined in 1987 in the so-called Brundtland Report, Our Common Future, which was adopted by the UN’s World Commission on Environment and Development under the leadership of Norwegian Prime Minister Gro Harlem Brundtland. The Brundtland Commission talked about sustainability in three dimensions: ecological, economic and social. Genuine sustainability requires all three. The UN Global Goals for Sustainable Development for 2030 now serve as our guide into the future.

The Nordic perspective is also about inclusion and democracy. Urban development concerns all of us. Everyone who lives and works in the city has a responsibility and a right to be involved in shaping tomorrow’s living environment. It is through cross-fertilisation that interesting solutions emerge. The dialogue on the city of the future must include both architects and engineers, not to mention ethicists, parents, sustainability experts, behavioural scientists, urban planners, suburban residents, politicians, sound designers, computer scientists, ambulance drivers, entrepreneurs, economists, social workers and artists. Collaborations and shared visions have been successful for the Nordic countries. Collaborating with the good forces of society to realise visions requires compromising. And that is the essence of democracy.

At AFRY we have experience from nearby and all over the world, experience that has resulted in a number of insights and even more questions. We want to talk about how we should build the cities of the future together: sustainable, pleasant, lively, just as smart as they need to be and built entirely on the basis of their inhabitants’ needs without jeopardising future generations’ access to nature.

Cities have always interested, amused and inspired us. Cities contain so much love, fear, future, dirt, dreams and opportunities at the same time. With our personal and professional experience from the industrial sector and urban development, we want to share our ambition and reflections for future cities. We also wish to share insights from our colleagues and from our network. This book is not the answer – it is an educated guess about what we, together as a society, should think about when shaping future cities. We hope you will enjoy reading it.

Looking back, we will probably smile at some of the arguments and predictions in this book – as soon as self-driving vehicles or AI are mentioned, there is a timestamp on where we are. That said, the importance of cities’ essence will remain. But for now, let us look into the future!

Jonas Gustavsson, CEO & Helena Paulsson, Head of Urban Development, AFRY