Edition-2: The Rock

Introduction

Welcome to?"Subterranean Insights" - the newsletter that takes you on a captivating journey into the world of tunneling.

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This is Edition 2: The Rock, In this edition let's explore something about Rocks. You can give your suggestions for the next edition. The new edition will publish every?Tuesday IST at 6:00 PM. To get Edition 1 Click Here

What is Rock?

The definition of rock can vary depending on the professional background and specialization of the person providing the definition, here are some definitions of rock:

Classification of Rocks

The classification of rocks can vary based on specific requirements and site conditions. Geologists and engineers may classify rocks differently depending on the context and purpose of their study or project. Here are some examples of how rocks can be classified based on different criteria:

Geological Classification:

• Igneous Rocks: Igneous rocks are formed through the solidification and crystallization of molten material called magma. This process occurs either within the Earth's crust or on the surface during volcanic eruptions.

• Sedimentary Rocks: Sedimentary rocks are formed through the accumulation and lithification (compaction and cementation) of sediments. Sediments are small particles and fragments derived from the weathering and erosion of pre-existing rocks, as well as the remains of plants and animals. Over time, these sediments are deposited, compacted, and cemented together to form sedimentary rocks.

• Metamorphic Rocks: Metamorphic rocks are formed from pre-existing rocks (igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic rocks) that undergo significant changes due to high temperatures, pressures, and/or chemical reactions within the Earth's crust. These changes occur without the rocks melting completely.

Engineering Classification:

• Strength and Hardness: Rocks can be classified based on their strength properties, such as unconfined compressive strength (UCS) or point load strength index (PLSI).
• Weathering and Durability: Rocks can be classified based on their resistance to weathering and durability, ranging from highly weathered to fresh rock.
• Rock Mass Rating (RMR) or Rock Quality Designation (RQD): Used to assess the overall quality and suitability of rock masses for engineering projects.

Construction Classification:

• Size and Gradation: Rocks can be classified based on their size range and gradation for various construction purposes, such as riprap, aggregate, or dimension stones.
• Shape and Texture: Rocks can be classified based on their shape and texture characteristics, such as angular, rounded, or rough surfaces.

Geological Setting Classification:

• Tectonic Setting: Rocks can be classified based on the tectonic setting in which they formed, such as oceanic, continental, or volcanic settings.
• Stratigraphic Classification: Rocks can be classified based on their position and relationships within the geological stratigraphy, such as formation, group, or member names.

These are just a few examples of how rocks can be classified based on different criteria. The classification systems used can vary depending on the specific field of study, industry standards, and project requirements.