Dyness Knowledge| Microgrid Overview

Overview

Microgrid, as the name suggests, is a mini-grid. The opposite is the large power grid system, which can be simply understood as a local independent power supply system that does not rely on the existence of the large power grid system. Generally refers to distributed power sources (solar energy, wind energy, bioenergy, natural gas, hydrogen energy, etc.), energy storage equipment (mainly lithium batteries, lead-acid batteries), energy conversion devices, loads, monitoring and protection devices, etc. Small power generation and distribution system.

There are many forms of microgrids, the system capacity can be large or small, and it can be operated off the grid or connected to the grid. As far as the main domestic microgrid application scenarios are concerned, they are mainly concentrated in three aspects: public facilities, industrial and commercial parks, and communities. When broken down into household scenarios, microgrid systems can basically be divided into two forms: home systems and community systems.

Home microgrid

Household microgrids have small capacity and are intended to achieve self-sufficiency in household electricity consumption. Generally, household microgrids do not operate completely separate from the large power grid, but use the large power grid system as a backup power source. As a main power supply unit in the form of new energy + energy storage, the main equipment includes photovoltaic components, inverters, energy storage lithium batteries, control boxes and household loads.

Home microgrids, for newly installed photovoltaic users, are generally composed of hybrid energy storage inverter networks (see Figure 1 below). For users with existing photovoltaic systems, they usually adopt the form of photovoltaic inverter + coupling machine (as shown in Figure 2 below), and adjust the photovoltaic output through frequency control logic.

Community microgrid system

The community microgrid system is based on the home microgrid and uses an external intelligent management platform (EMS) to uniformly control multiple home microgrids to maximize energy utilization efficiency and regional power sharing. Community microgrid systems have highly intelligent management and control capabilities and can achieve the most effective allocation and utilization of energy. It provides users and communities with stable, reliable and efficient power supply, and also has certain advantages in disaster preparedness and resource sharing.

There are two common forms of community microgrids: centralized energy systems and distributed microgrid systems. For example, some relatively developed rural communities in the southeastern coastal areas of China and newly built green energy communities in cities will also use microgrid systems to uniformly distribute and manage electricity through relatively scattered household photovoltaic storage systems through EMS control. Reduce public electricity consumption for the community.

When the community power grid reaches a certain number or is measured by an industrial park as a unit of microgrids, users can participate in power transactions of different user systems through third-party power trading platforms or power companies. When you have excess electricity or insufficient electricity, you can conduct electricity transactions to obtain profits or maintain your family's daily electricity consumption. Such a power model is the virtual power plant concept derived from the basic microgrid, which we will introduce to you in subsequent articles.

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