DREAM'S ALGORITHM

As artificial intelligence becomes a standard laboratory tool, scientists are quickly discovering both the promise and perils of algorithmically driven research.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is cropping up everywhere these days, according to major news sources that are themselves increasingly driven by computer algorithms. Marketers use AI to target advertisements, engineers use it to anticipate device failures, and AI-driven social media platforms wield outsize influence on everything from fashion to politics.

While all types of AI—also called machine learning—entail programming a computer to learn from examples and make inferences, practitioners distinguish different forms of it. Within the broader field of AI, a subset of strategies employ artificial neural networks. These mimic biological brains, with elements of a program connecting to each other like neurons. Machine learning algorithms running on neural networks are often called deep learning systems, to distinguish them from other approaches such as statistical correlation.

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