Dr. Sunil Vallurupalli: Lung nodules debunked

By Dr. Sunil Vallurupalli | North Point Pulmonary Associates

Lung nodules, often called "spots on the lung," are a common finding in medical imaging.?There are several myths and misconceptions about lung nodules.?

This article aims to debunk some of the most pervasive myths about lung nodules, providing clarity and accurate information.

Myth No. 1: All lung nodules are cancerous.

False

One of the most common misconceptions is that all lung nodules are indicative of cancer. In reality, the majority of lung nodules are benign. Studies show?fewer than 5% of lung nodules turn out to be cancerous.

What causes lung nodules? Nodules can result from a variety of non-cancerous conditions, including infections, inflammation or scar tissue. Benign tumors, autoimmune disorders and even certain infections can also cause lung nodules.

While it is important to monitor lung nodules, finding one does not automatically mean a cancer diagnosis.

Myth No. 2: Lung nodules always require treatment.

False

Another myth is that lung nodules always necessitate immediate medical intervention. In many cases, lung nodules are monitored through a process known as active surveillance. This involves regular imaging tests to track any changes in the size or appearance of the nodule over time. If a nodule remains stable for a period, typically two years, it is considered benign and may not require further monitoring.?Immediate treatment is only necessary if the nodule shows signs of growth or other concerning features.

Myth No. 3: Only smokers develop lung nodules.

False

While smoking is a significant risk factor for lung nodules and lung cancer, it is not the only cause. Non-smokers can also develop lung nodules due to factors such as exposure to secondhand smoke, air pollution, occupational hazards (like asbestos) and even genetic predispositions.?According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 10%-20% of lung cancers occur in non-smokers. Therefore, both smokers and nonsmokers must be aware of lung nodules and their potential implications.

Myth No. 4: Lung nodules are causing my cough or chest pain.

False?

Many people believe lung nodules will cause noticeable symptoms, such as coughing or difficulty breathing. However, most lung nodules are asymptomatic, especially when they are small. They are often discovered incidentally during regular?medical check-ups and imaging tests, particularly for individuals at higher risk of lung cancer.

Myth No. 5: A CT scan would tell us if a nodule is cancerous or not.

False?

The evaluation of lung nodules often requires multiple imaging tests over time. A single imaging test cannot definitively determine whether a nodule is benign or malignant. Radiologists and pulmonologists use a series of imaging tests, such as CT scans, to monitor the nodule's characteristics and changes over time.?This approach helps to avoid unnecessary invasive procedures and ensures timely intervention if the nodule shows signs of malignancy.

Myth No. 6: Lung nodules found during screening need surgery.

False

Another misconception is that the discovery of a lung nodule will inevitably lead to invasive procedures like biopsies or surgeries. While these procedures are sometimes necessary, many lung nodules can be managed with non-invasive methods. For instance, low-dose computed tomography (CT) scans are often used for regular monitoring.?Invasive procedures are reserved for nodules that exhibit suspicious changes or growth.?

Conclusion

Lung nodules are a common finding in medical imaging, but they are often misunderstood. Most lung nodules are benign and do not require immediate treatment. Both smokers and nonsmokers can develop lung nodules, and they are frequently asymptomatic. Multiple imaging tests are usually needed to monitor lung nodules and not all findings lead to invasive procedures. Preventive measures can also reduce the risk of developing lung nodules.?

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