Don't you think that the 4Ps factors of dependency management handle productivity?

1.???People –?When referring to people in companies, we actually mean hierarchy of roles in companies, such as managers, team leaders, senior leaders etc. They are those who form teams. The order of priority of people among other dependency factors is first (highest). Companies are people-centric activities, and companies require good managers in order to be successful. A good manager does not ensure the success of a program, but can increase the probability of success. A good manager gives priority to areas like proper selection, training, compensation, career development, work culture, team efficiency and so on. Therefore, success of a program is on the shoulders of the people who are involved.

2.???Product –?A product is a solution to a problem that is handed to a user who is struggling with that problem. The priority of a product among other dependency factors is second, after people. The product or solution to a problem is constructed based on requirements, which are objectives and scope work of the problem. This helps managers to select the best approach within constraints imposed by delivery deadlines, budgetary restrictions, personnel availability, technical interfaces etc. Without well-defined requirements, it may be impossible to define reasonable estimates of cost, completion time and schedule for a program.

3.???Process –?The process we use to produce a product provides a framework for creating a comprehensive plan for companies. If the process is weak, the end product will suffer. The priority of process among other dependency factors is third, after people and product. However, the process plays a very critical role in the success of a program. There are many different life cycle models and process improvements models to choose from. A suitable process model is determined based on the requirements, user, type of program, and the associated risks of the program team. A number of different task sets, milestones, work products, and quality assurance points enable the process framework activities to be adopted to the characteristics of the program and the requirements of the program team.

4.???Program –?Proper planning is essential to monitor the status of development and to control complexity. For a program to be successful, it should be within budget, follow policies and requirements defined, and be completed on time. Most programs overrun their budgets by 100% and are not delivered on time. The priority of a program among other dependency factors is last (lowest). In order to manage a successful program, we must understand and prevent associated risks. Concrete requirements should be defined and frozen, wherever possible. Unnecessary changes should not be made to avoid surprises. Product surprises are always risky and should be minimized. A planning mechanism should be constructed to warn us of any surprises.

All four factors: People, Product, Process, and Program are important for the success of the project. Their relative importance helps us organize development activities in a more scientific and professional way.?