Discussing the Research and Drawing Conclusions

The discussion of the evidence or findings reported in an academic or scientific article is a vital part of a scholarly argument: it tends to synthesise and analyse all elements of the study and explain the overall significance of the research. The structure of this important material varies considerably from article to article, yet it is essential that it be designed in a way that allows you to move through a great deal of potentially complicated, analytical and speculative information in an orderly fashion. The focus will be your findings, of course, and general statements about the nature of those results followed by a few key examples can contribute to brevity, but you will probably need to return to other parts of your paper as well, such as the background and scholarship, the aims and objectives, the research questions and hypotheses and/or the methods and approaches. The goal is to analyse and assess how your results resolve problems and contribute to knowledge in relation to these elements, so any of them can be used to lend structure to your discussion, especially if you have used them to organise the report of your findings. Try not to leave out any significant or meaningful results, whether they were expected or not, and be sure to include an explanation of any limitations associated with your research and any problems you encountered that may affect validity and reliability. A discussion of the implications of your study is essential – What does it all mean? and What has been gained? should be central questions in your mind – and recommendations for future research are usually required as well.?

The conclusions you draw from your study are closely related to the discussion you present, with both involving analysis and interpretation of the research as a whole, and in some papers conclusions are blended with the discussion, whereas in others they are separate and follow the discussion. Limitations, implications and recommendations might be presented in either the discussion or the conclusion, as long as the key points are clear, and they often play a role in both. As is the case with the discussion, there is considerable freedom to conclude your study as you see fit, as long as you maintain logical argumentation, keep your conclusions reasonable in relation to your methods and results, and, as always, carefully explain your thinking, especially where it may differ significantly from previous scholarship in the area. Remember that what may seem obvious to you, steeped in your own research as you are, may not seem obvious at all to your readers. Your interpretations and conclusions should therefore be clear, precise, plausible, insightful and comprehensive, and whenever your ideas are tentative or speculative (as they will necessarily be at times when discussing matters such as causality and generalisability), your language should clearly indicate that mode with phrasing such as ‘it is probable that,’ ‘these results appear to suggest,’ ‘the likely explanation is’ and ‘a logical conclusion may be.’

Why Is Academic Proofreading Services Important?

Effective academic proofreading is absolutely vital to the production of high-quality scholarly and professional documents. When done carefully, correctly and thoroughly, academic proofreading can make the difference between writing that communicates successfully with its intended readers and writing that does not. No author creates a perfect text without reviewing, reflecting on and revising what he or she has written, and academic proofreading and scientific editing are extremely important of this process.

Why are scientific editing and academic proofreading important for academic and scientific authors??First and foremost, a proofreader brings a fresh and ideally objective perspective to your writing. He or she will almost certainly not be as familiar with your research as you are and in most cases will have no predetermined idea about what you are trying to communicate. This means that a proofreader will be able to focus on exactly what your text does say and catch ambiguities and errors that you, as the author well aware of what you want to say, may read right over without noticing. If the proofreader is a trained professional who is an expert in the English language and a specialist in your subject area, he or she will have the skills to correct and polish your grammar, spelling and punctuation, determine if your references are accurate, thorough and consistent, and ensure that your writing meets the high standards expected in your discipline and field. An academic proofreader will also have the disposition and time to give your writing the exacting attention it requires to ensure that every detail is as it should be so that your work communicates with precision and sophistication. Many members of our research paper editing and proofreading team focus on journal editing, manuscript editing, dissertation proofreading services, thesis editing services and phd thesis proofreading. An academic proofreader can be thought of as an author’s ambassador, and while an author can and should be his or her own ambassador whenever possible, it is always wise to benefit from an ambassador with the appropriate linguistic and academic skills to ensure that your writing represents both you and your work as professionally and effectively as possible. Some of our carefully trained editors and proofreaders work exclusively on PhD thesis editing, master’s dissertation proofreading, bachelor’s dissertation proofreading, thesis editing, dissertation editing, thesis proofreading and dissertation proofreading, applying their education and instructional skills in providing thesis editing and dissertation proofreading services that help advanced students to improve the formatting and language of their theses and dissertations.

Why is journal article editing important for the readers you hope to reach? The most obvious answer is that a journal proofreader is a reader, often the first reader beyond the author of a text, and a reader who acts as an advocate for all future readers. Professional journal proofreaders serve the needs of authors by anticipating the needs of readers, and doing so with an objective but critical eye alert to potential problems. Descriptions of methodology and explanations of trends that seem perfectly clear to the author who is familiar with the material may in fact prove ambiguous, confusing and even misleading for readers who do not possess the same knowledge. Tables and figures that are not clearly designed, labelled and referred to may obscure procedures and findings for viewers instead of highlighting and clarifying them. Arguments presented in language that contains errors of grammar, spelling and punctuation may fail to convince readers even when the evidence presented is extremely persuasive, and terminology designed for communicating in sophisticated and specific ways may lose readers entirely if it is not defined, explained and used with care. An academic proofreader, scientific proofreader, medical proofreader or journal proofreader can detect and help you resolve these and many other kinds of problems that prevent the successful communication of complex and ground-breaking research.

Why is proofreading services important when submitting your scholarly writing for publication? As a general rule, the editors responsible for accepting or rejecting the manuscripts that academics and scientists submit for publication are inundated with text. They receive far more submissions than the journals and publishers for whom they work can ever publish, so they are looking for reasons to reject manuscripts as much as they are seeking reasons to accept them. A manuscript that accurately and precisely adheres to a publisher’s guidelines, boasts a structure that organises material in a logical and effective fashion, and uses language that clearly and efficiently communicates facts and ideas is sure to receive more positive attention and far more likely to be successfully published than a manuscript that does not achieve such a high standard. Since these are the very aspects of scholarly writing that a professional proofreader can help you perfect, engaging the services of a qualified academic or scientific proofreader can prove invaluable, particularly if your manuscript has been rejected due to problems with language and formatting. Once you have benefitted from the proofreading services of a professional proofreader, you will no doubt be able to determine for yourself why PRS proofreading is so very important to successful authors.

Our?scientific editing,?medical editing,?bioscience editing,?life science editing,?environmental science editing,?pharmaceutical science editing,?physical science editing,?agricultural science editing,?LaTeX paper editing,?social science editing,?political science editing,?engineering paper editing,?psychology editing,?research paper editing,?manuscript editing,?humanities editing,?journal article editing,?biomedical science editing,?planetary science editing,?plant science editing,?material science editing,?veterinary science editing,?behavioural science editing?and?neurosurgery editing services?for authors of scientific papers and reports are especially popular, but we also excel at?book editing?and have the experience and expertise to?proofread?and?edit books?and papers of all kinds across every scholarly discipline.?

If you are in the process of preparing an article for an academic or scientific journal, or planning one for the near future, you may well be interested in a new book, Guide to Journal Publication, which is available on our Tips and Advice on Publishing Research in Journals website.

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