There is a diphtheria epidemic in Vietnam. How to use GX disinfection and sterilization robot protect yourself?
On July 9, according to media reports, the Vietnamese Ministry of Health issued a notice stating that an 18-year-old girl in the country died of diphtheria. Vietnam asked Nghe An Province and Bac Giang Province to take emergency actions to control the epidemic on the same day.
It is understood that diphtheria is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by infection with Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
Diphtheria can be divided into respiratory diphtheria (including pharyngeal, laryngeal, nasal diphtheria, etc., of which pharyngeal diphtheria accounts for 80% of all diphtheria) and diphtheria in other parts (such as skin, conjunctiva, ears, vulva, neonatal umbilicus, esophagus, etc.).
The clinical characteristics and manifestations of respiratory diphtheria include local pseudomembrane formation in the pharynx and larynx and systemic poisoning symptoms caused by diphtheria exotoxin. In severe cases, myocarditis and peripheral nerve paralysis may occur.
The most common way of transmission of Corynebacterium diphtheriae is through droplets from patients with respiratory diphtheria. Other ways of transmission include direct contact with the affected part of patients with skin diphtheria or their infected secretions. Traumatic infection is mainly caused by damaged skin or mucous membranes other than the respiratory tract. Using dishes, clothes, and bedding used by patients or carriers can also cause infection.
In addition, Corynebacterium diphtheriae mainly attacks children under 15 years old who are not immunized, and adults with no history of immunization also often occur. With the routine vaccination of children with diphtheria, the age structure of patients has shifted to older ages and is highly sporadic.
The World Health Organization stated that globally, the immune effect of diphtheria toxoid on diphtheria is very obvious, and infants who have received more than 3 doses can produce antitoxins that reach a protective level.
According to the national immunization program, 4 doses of diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus vaccines are required, with 1 dose each at 3/4/5/18 months of age, to defeat the virus steadily.
The annual reported incidence of diphtheria in my country in the 1950s and 1960s was 10/100,000 to 20/100,000. After my country began to implement planned immunization in 1978, the incidence and mortality of diphtheria dropped significantly, and the scope of the epidemic gradually narrowed. Since 2000, sporadic cases have been reported only in a few provinces, including 6 cases in 2003, 0-2 cases per year from 2004 to 2006, and no diphtheria cases reported since 2007.
Popular Science
Diphtheria is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It is a disease that is easily spread and occurs rapidly. Its clinical characteristics are the formation of gray-white pseudomembranes in the mucous membranes of the pharynx and larynx, and systemic toxemia symptoms such as low fever, fatigue, nausea, and vomiting caused by diphtheria exotoxin. In severe cases, myocarditis and peripheral nerve paralysis may occur.
Source of infection: Both patients and diphtheria carriers are sources of infection. From the end of the incubation period to 2 weeks after the onset of the disease, bacteria are excreted from respiratory secretions and are contagious.
Transmission route: Mainly transmitted from person to person through respiratory droplets, and can also be transmitted through food, toys and objects.
Susceptible population: The population is generally susceptible, and newborns gain immunity through the placenta, and the antibody level basically disappears after 1 year old. Antibodies to exotoxins can be produced after illness, latent infection and vaccination, and immunity is long-lasting.
Clinical characteristics: Symptoms are fever, sore throat, hoarseness, barking cough, and white pseudomembranes in the throat, tonsils and surrounding tissues. In severe cases, systemic poisoning symptoms are obvious, and myocarditis and peripheral nerve paralysis may occur and lead to death. Diphtheria can be divided into four types, with the incidence rates being pharyngeal diphtheria, laryngeal diphtheria, nasal diphtheria and diphtheria in other parts. Pharyngeal diphtheria is more common in adults and older children, and other types of diphtheria are more common in young children.
Treatment methods:
1. General treatment: Patients should stay in bed and reduce activities, generally for no less than 3 weeks. Attention should be paid to oral and nasal hygiene.
2. Pathogen treatment: Early use of antitoxins and antibiotics is the key to successful treatment.
Prevention:
1. Early detection: Timely isolation and treatment of patients until 2 consecutive pharyngeal swab diphtheria cultures are negative, and isolation can be lifted. If there are no culture conditions, isolation should be carried out for 2 weeks after onset.
2. Carriers: Penicillin or erythromycin treatment for 5 to 7 days, and isolation can be lifted only after 3 negative bacterial cultures. If the medication is ineffective, tonsillectomy may be considered.
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3. Vaccines: Preschool children should be vaccinated with a triple vaccine of diphtheria, pertussis and diphtheria.
4. Cut off the transmission route and isolate the respiratory tract: Objects and secretions that the patient has touched must be boiled or soaked in double the amount of 10% bleach emulsion or 5% carbolic acid solution for 1 hour.
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