Differentiation between Propositional Logic and First-Order Logic
Propositional Logic (PL)
Propositional logic is an analytical statement which is either true or false. It is basically a technique that represents the knowledge in logical & mathematical form. There are two types of propositional logic; Atomic and Compound Propositions.
Facts about Propositional Logic
- Since propositional logic works on 0 and 1 thus it is also known as ‘Boolean Logic’.
- Proposition logic can be either true or false it can never be both.
- In this type of logic, symbolic variables are used in order to represent the logic and any logic can be used for representing the variable.
- It is comprised of objects, relations, functions, and logical connectives.
- Proposition formula which is always false is called ‘Contradiction’ whereas a proposition formula which is always true is called ‘Tautology’.
First-Order Logic (FOL)
First-Order Logic is another knowledge representation in AI which is an extended part of PL. FOL articulates the natural language statements briefly. Another name of First-Order Logic is ‘Predicate Logic’.
Facts about First Order Logic
- FOL is known as the powerful language which is used to develop information related to objects in a very easy way.
- Unlike PL, FOL assumes some of the facts that are related to objects, relations, and functions.
- FOL has two main key features or you can say parts that are; ‘Syntax’ & ‘Semantics’.
Key differences between PL and FOL
- Propositional Logic converts a complete sentence into a symbol and makes it logical whereas in First-Order Logic relation of a particular sentence will be made that involves relations, constants, functions, and constants.
- The limitation of PL is that it does not represent any individual entities whereas FOL can easily represent the individual establishment that means if you are writing a single sentence then it can be easily represented in FOL.
- PL does not signify or express the generalization, specialization or pattern for example ‘QUANTIFIERS’ cannot be used in PL but in FOL users can easily use quantifiers as it does express the generalization, specialization, and pattern.
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