Differences Between Electric Vehicles and Traditional Vehicle Sensors！

A sensor is a detection device that can sense the measured information, and can transform the sensed information into electrical signals or other required forms of information output according to certain rules to meet the needs of information transmission, processing, storage, display, recording and control requirements.

1. Types of Automotive Sensors

Sensors are key components of automotive electronic control systems, and are also one of the core contents of research in the field of automotive electronic technology. The editor of the automotive circuit board has learned that automotive sensors perform real-time and accurate measurement and control of various information such as temperature, pressure, position, speed, acceleration and vibration. The key to measure the level of modern luxury car control system lies in the number and level of its sensors. There are about dozens of sensors installed on an ordinary family car, and the number of sensors on a luxury car can be as many as 200.

Vehicle sensors are roughly divided into three categories: power system, safety management system and body comfort system sensors. Among them, the power system sensor market accounts for the largest proportion.

2. Differences between electric vehicles and traditional vehicle sensors

As the information source of the electric vehicle electronic control system, the sensor is the key component of the electric vehicle electronic control system and one of the core contents of the research in the field of electric vehicle electronic technology. Like traditional automobile sensors, electric vehicle sensors are composed of sensitive elements, conversion elements and other auxiliary elements. The advantage also uses signal conditioning and conversion circuits and auxiliary power supplies as part of the sensor.

The energy source of the electric vehicle is provided by the battery. As the structure of electric vehicles changes, the sensors used inside are also different, and the sensor types also change accordingly. Most of the traditional and mechanically rigid signals in the car are replaced by flexible electrical signals, with the addition of some voltmeter current sensors in the power system. In order to better control the voltmeter current in and out of the motor, the detection accuracy of the sensor has also been improved. The circuit board factory found that the electronic control sensing unit (ECU) used in the auxiliary subsystems of the traditional automobile is retained in the electric vehicle, and higher requirements are placed on the safety management system and body comfort system sensors, reflecting the most advanced automotive sensors. technology.

Electric vehicle sensors are mainly used in two parts, battery management system BMS and motor controller. Some of the sensors in these two systems are compatible with each other, which mainly depends on the designer's concept and the needs of the end market. Among them, temperature sensor is a more important sensor application type for new energy vehicles.

3. Temperature sensor

The function of the traditional automobile temperature sensor is to measure the temperature of the engine's intake air, cooling water, fuel, etc., and convert the measurement results into electrical signals and send them to the ECU. For all gasoline electronic control systems, intake air temperature and cooling water temperature are two temperature parameters necessary for ECU control, while other temperature parameters vary with the type of electronic control system and control needs.

Electric vehicle temperature sensors mainly include sensors for detecting battery temperature, temperature sensors for monitoring motors, and temperature sensors for battery cooling systems.

?1. Battery system temperature sensor

Electric vehicle batteries can only provide optimal energy output at a precisely defined operating temperature, requiring reliable monitoring and regulation of battery temperature to prevent overheating and maximize operating life. Multiple temperature sensors are used to monitor battery temperature when calculating battery pack state of charge (SOC), charge-discharge specific power, and power battery temperature.

?2. Motor controller temperature sensor In order to ensure the long life of the motor and exert its best performance, the temperature of the motor also needs to be continuously monitored, and work as accurately as possible within the temperature range higher than 140 ° C, so determine the stator winding's temperature. Temperature is also critical. In order to measure the temperature of the stator, it is also required that the sensor should be easy to install, ensure that the sensor is free from mechanical stress during installation and operation, and have a high dielectric strength, which prevents the drive current circuit to the measurement current circuit. arcing phenomenon.

4. Market structure and trends

At present, about 50 countries around the world are engaged in the research, production and application development of sensors, and there are more than 6,000 R&D institutions. More than 90% of the market share of China's automotive sensors is occupied by Siemens, Bosch, Honeywell and other international component giants.

For a long time, my country's sensor companies are mostly involved in popular daily necessities, but there is too little professional research in the field of automobiles, especially in the field of new energy vehicles. Most of the existing domestic products rely on imitation of foreign countries, and the scale of enterprises is relatively small. not the mainstream market. The PCB factory believes that, on the one hand, the sensor R&D investment is high, and the price has no advantage over other components, so the company does not have much motivation to develop and produce; To truly understand the follow-up compatibility and reliability of products and how to improve them, and automobiles have high requirements for parts and components, OEMs will give priority to foreign brands with more reliable quality when purchasing.

Market trend: In the past two years, as the trend of automobile electrification and intelligence has become more and more obvious, the number of companies involved in the domestic automotive sensor field has gradually increased, including traditional industrial and household-level sensor companies, Internet companies, and entrepreneurial electronic semiconductor companies. enterprises, etc. Mergers and acquisitions in this field have also begun to appear. Large foreign sensors have completed the first round of mergers and acquisitions, forming their own technological advantages, and domestic sensor companies have also begun to enter the track of mergers and acquisitions.

Product trend: In the future, automotive sensors will show a trend of "three modernizations": micro-integration, multi-function, and intelligence. The miniaturized sensor uses micro-machine processing technology to integrate micron-scale sensitive components, signal conditioners, and data processing devices into a single chip. It has the characteristics of small size, low price, and easy integration, which can improve system testing accuracy; multi-function The sensor can detect multiple characteristic parameters at the same time; and the intelligent sensor has intelligent characteristics because it has a special computer.

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