Die Herbeoordeling van die “Groot Vier” Ouditfirmas: ’n Nuwe Strategie vir 'n Nuwe Era
Nicolaas Van Wyk, MBA
CEO at Chartered Institute for Business Accountants, Board member SACCI&ICFOA, MBA
(Afrikaans and English editions)
Die afgelope paar jaar het die "Groot Vier" ouditfirmas - Deloitte, EY, KPMG en PwC - al hoe meer onder die vergrootglas gekom weens 'n reeks skandale en mislukkings. Van KPMG se betrokkenheid by die Gupta-skandaal in Suid-Afrika tot die onlangse PwC-skandaal, het hierdie ouditfirmas 'n deurslaggewende rol gespeel in 'n aantal ernstige finansi?le mislukkings. Terselfdertyd is die groot vier besig om hul konsultasiedienste uit te brei, wat verdere bekommernisse oor belangekonflik skep.
Die Groot Vier het 'n buitensporige invloed en markaandeel in die oudit en raadgewende mark, met 'n gekombineerde omset van meer as $189.64 miljard in 2022. Hul voetafdruk strek wêreldwyd en hul betrokkenheid by skandale soos die onlangse PwC-skandaal, Deloitte se rol in die Britse Rover-groep se bankrotskap, en die kwessie van EY se rol in die Wirecard-skandaal in Duitsland het geleenthede geskep vir die ondersoek van die regulering en praktyke van ouditfirmas op 'n globale skaal.
Volgens Richard Brooks in sy boek "Bean Counters: The Triumph of the Accountants and How They Broke Capitalism," het die Groot Vier inderdaad 'n te groot invloed op die stelsels van korporatiewe beheer en verantwoordingspreekbaarheid. Hulle het toegang tot vertroulike beleidsinligting, lei regerings oor beleid, en gebruik hierdie inligting dan om hul kli?nte te help belasting spaar. Dit is 'n aansienlike bedreiging vir die integriteit van ons finansi?le stelsels.
'n Moontlike riskiko wat bestuur moet word is die groeiende betrokkenheid van die Groot Vier by die ontwikkeling van die International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) se standaarde vir omgewings-, sosiale en bestuursinligting (ESG). Die risiko is dat hierdie betrokkenheid kan lei tot manipulasie van die standaarde om kli?nte te bevoordeel.
Nasionale toesigfonds
Daar is verskeie moontlike oplossings vir hierdie probleme. Een daarvan is die instelling van 'n nasionale toesigfonds, waaraan die Groot Vier sal bydra. Hierdie fonds kan dan gebruik word om middelgroot ouditfirmas aan te stel om die werk van die Groot Vier te hersien, wat 'n mate van onafhanklike oorsig kan verseker.
Gedeelde infrastruktuur
Verder kan daar oorweeg word om die model wat deur sellulêre maatskappye gebruik word, toe te pas, waar kleiner firmas soos MTN en Cell C toegelaat word om die sellulêre infrastruktuur van Vodacom te gebruik, aangesien hulle nie in staat is om 'n soortgelyke netwerk of infrastruktuur te bou nie. In hierdie konteks kan kleiner ouditfirmas dalk toegang hê tot die hulpbronne en kundigheid van die Groot Vier, maar sonder die potensi?le risiko's en belangekonflikte wat met direkte betrokkenheid gepaard gaan.
Ouditfonds
'n Ander moontlike oplossing is die skepping van 'n ouditfonds waarby genoteerde maatskappye bydra. Die Ouditre?lsraad (IRBA) kan dan ouditfirmas aanstel om genoteerde maatskappye te oudit. Hierdie fonds sal verseker dat ouditfirmas op 'n meer demokratiese wyse gekies word, en dit sal hulle ook aanspoor om ho?r gehalte werk te lewer om toekomstige aanstellings te verseker.
Ten spyte van die terugslag binne EY oor hul voorgestelde verdeling tussen hul oudit- en raadgewende eenhede, is dit belangrik om te onthou dat die behoefte aan groter deursigtigheid en verantwoordbaarheid in die ouditsektor steeds bestaan. Dit is nodig om te verseker dat die Groot Vier, en ouditfirmas in die algemeen, hul plig nakom om die openbare belang te dien en nie net die belange van hul kli?nte nie.
In 'n wêreld waar finansi?le deursigtigheid en verantwoordbaarheid al hoe belangriker word, moet ons voortdurend die strukture en praktyke van die ouditsektor hersien om te verseker dat dit voldoen aan ons behoeftes en verwagtinge. Dit mag dalk tyd wees om te oorweeg of die model van die 'Groot Vier' nog steeds relevant is in die huidige era."
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An Untapped Solution: The Role of Medium-sized Audit Firms in Resolving the Current Audit Crisis
In recent years, the 'Big Four' audit firms - Deloitte, PwC, KPMG, and EY - have found themselves embroiled in controversies. From PwC's most recent scandal in Australia to the alleged negligence by Deloitte in the Carillion collapse in the UK, these audit firms have drawn significant criticism, raising questions about their integrity, transparency, and independence.
The concentration of audit services in these 'Big Four' has sparked significant debate about the nature of their business practices and their potential conflicts of interest. These firms, which dominate the global audit market, influence policy development, regulatory standards, and even governmental policies. Such concentration of power and influence has ignited calls for structural changes to ensure greater competition, diversity, and independence in the audit sector.
A key issue lies in merging audit and consulting services within the 'Big Four'. This union raises concerns about auditor independence, as the same firm performing audits also offers consulting services to the client. While these firms maintain that they have appropriate controls in place to manage any conflicts of interest, these controls have been called into question in the wake of various scandals. Recent attempts by EY to split their audit and consulting business have yet to go to plan, with UK regulators demanding a split but US partners halting the process.
So the answer may lie in greater diversity in the auditing industry. A solution could be to empower and leverage the capabilities of medium-sized audit firms. These firms could introduce much-needed competition into the market, spurring the 'Big Four' to improve their practices and address current criticisms.
However, despite their potential, medium-sized firms face significant barriers to entry, including the need for more vast resources and international networks, as well as difficulties in meeting the considerable insurance requirements for auditing large, multinational companies.
Three potential solutions can be proposed to address these challenges.
National Oversight Fund
There are several potential solutions to these problems. One of them is establishing a national oversight fund to which the Big Four would contribute. This fund could then be used to appoint medium-sized audit firms to review the work of the Big Four, ensuring a degree of independent oversight.
Sharing infrastructure
The second involves establishing a cooperative framework that allows medium-sized firms to access the 'Big Four' resources and expertise without direct involvement. This model could mirror how smaller cellular companies, like MTN and Cell C, use the cellular infrastructure of Vodacom, providing them with the capability they cannot independently construct.
Audit fund
Thirdly, the creation of an audit fund contributed to by listed companies. Regulatory bodies like the IRBA could appoint auditors from this fund, ensuring a level of independent oversight and reducing the financial dependency between audit firms and their clients. This could also promote the delivery of high-quality work as audit firms strive to secure future appointments.
In an era where financial transparency and accountability are of utmost importance, there is an urgent need to reassess the structures and practices within the audit sector. The existing 'Big Four' model, with its potential for conflicts of interest and limited competition, may no longer serve our best interests. With appropriate support and a conducive framework, medium-sized audit firms offer the innovation, diversity, and competition needed to revitalise the audit sector.