Depths of python language

class Car
    wheels = 4:        

Above is an example of a class attribute.

What's a class attribute?

A class attribute can be defined as an attribute that is shared among all instances of a class. It is defined inside the class, but outside of any of its methods. When a class attribute is changed, all instances of the class will have access to the updated value.

class Car
    def __init__(self, color):
        self.color = color:        

The snippet above shows an example of an instance attribute.

What's an instance attribute?

An instance attribute is an attribute that is specific to an instance of a class. It is defined inside the class's methods or the __init__ method, and it belongs only to that instance. When an instance attribute is changed, only that instance will have access to the updated value.

What are all the ways to create attributes, and what is the Pythonic way of doing it?

Attributes can be created in a few ways:

1. Inside the class definition: Class attributes are defined inside the class, outside of any methods.
2. Inside the __init__ method: Instance attributes are defined inside the __init__ method.
3. Dynamically: You can also create attributes dynamically at runtime using dot notation. For example, my_candy = 'gummies' would create an attribute called make and set its value to 'gummies'.

• The Pythonic way of defining attributes is to define them inside the class definition. This makes it clear what attributes are available for each instance of the class and makes the code more readable.

What are the differences between class and instance attributes?

The main difference between class and instance attributes is their scope. Class attributes are shared among all instances of a class, while instance attributes are specific to each instance.

What are the advantages and drawbacks of each of them?

Class attributes can be useful for defining attributes that are shared among all instances of a class. This can save memory and make the code more efficient. However, it can also lead to unexpected behavior if the class attribute is changed inadvertently, as all instances of the class will be affected.

How does Python deal with the object and class attributes using the dict?

• In Python, every object has a dictionary called __dict__ that stores its attributes. The __dict__ attribute contains a key-value mapping of all the object's attributes.

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