The demographic transition: risks and potentials
FEPS Europe
The Foundation for European Progressive Studies (FEPS) is the think tank of the progressive political family at EU level
Europe has entered an advanced phase of the demographic transition: the shift from a society with high birth rates and high death rates to one where both are declining. These trends translate into an ageing population, profound changes in the social structures of European countries, and an imbalance between the working-age population and elderly people, which affects, in turn, the European pension and welfare systems. Complementary to this is the situation on the African continent: a demographic boom, with a young working-age population that outnumbers employment opportunities.?
The great challenge for the future is addressing – in an inclusive and cohesive manner – this transition, allowing for a 'longevity society' where people can live longer and well. Regulated and integrated migration, policies that address gender inequalities and youth empowerment are some of the people-centred and rights-based measures that the European Union and the member states should adopt to face the otherwise inescapable decline. Simplistic calls to encourage childbearing will never be enough, as they have little impact, and may significantly affect people's health, rights as well as gender equality.
European demography is characterised by an ageing population, driven not only by increased longevity but also (and mainly) by declining birth rates. This fuels significant imbalances between generations, leading to serious social and economic consequences.
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Some EU leaders are tempted to imitate the Italian way and are pushing for the creation of return hubs outside the EU. The EU must refrain from these temptations.?Outsourcing the management of migration is not an option.
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