"Decompose by Subdomain" pattern

A strategic technique called "Decompose by Subdomain" is applied in software design, especially in relation to Domain-Driven Design (DDD). It entails breaking down a complicated system into more manageable sections (subdomains) according to discrete functional or business logic domains. A "Bounded Context," which establishes distinct bounds and a particular context in which a certain domain model is applicable, is matched to each subdomain. This method aids in the management of complexity, sharpens emphasis on certain areas, and makes it easier for various teams to design and maintain systems.

Core Concepts:

• Domain: The whole issue domain that your program attempts to solve.
• Subdomain: A restricted, well-defined area of the domain with particular commercial functions.
• Bounded Context: A distinct region inside the domain that includes a subdomain with its own particular models, logic, and data. Clear boundaries are established in bounded situations to encourage loose coupling and maintainability.

Benefits:

• Modular Design: Subdomains provide a modular design, which simplifies the understanding, development, maintenance, and scalability of the program.
• Independent Deployment: By enabling autonomous deployment, services built around subdomains may be released more quickly and with less risk.
• Team Alignment: Teams may be set up according to subdomains, which promotes knowledge and ownership.
• Focus on Business Capabilities: Clarity and alignment are promoted by each subdomain's focus on a particular business issue.

Examples

Now let's look at an e-commerce app. It breaks down into a number of subdomains, each of which represents a bounded context:

Catalog Management: Focuses on product listings, inventories, and categories. Its main emphasis is on managing goods that are offered for sale.

Order Management: Manages the generation of orders, processing payments, and monitoring statuses for all aspects of processing orders for customers.

Customer Management: Maintains client preferences, authorization, authentication, and profiles.

Shipping Management: Oversees the shipping, carriers, and tracking aspects of the product delivery logistics for clients.

With their own data model and domain logic, each of these subdomains functions inside a restricted environment. Each subdomain can benefit from specialized development efforts thanks to this breakdown, which may even enable separate subdomain evolution, scaling, and maintenance.

This graphic shows how the e-commerce system is divided into four primary parts, or subdomains, each of which corresponds to a certain limited environment. The arrows show how various components interact with or are dependent on one another. For instance, the "Order Management" component works with "Catalog Management" to determine which goods are available for purchase, and it also communicates with "Customer Management" to link orders and clients.

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