Day2: Python Basics: Primitive Data Types, Operators, and Practical Applications

I learned about primitive data types in Python, how to check the type of a variable, perform basic operations, and handle common errors like TypeError. Here's a breakdown of the key concepts I explored.

?? Primitive Data Types in Python:

1. Strings (str):

• A string is a sequence of characters, and we use double or single quotes to define them.

print("Hello"[0])  # Outputs 'H'
print("123" + "345")  # Outputs '123345'        

2. Integers (int):

• Integers are whole numbers (both positive and negative).

print(123 + 345)  # Outputs 468
print(123_456_789)  # Outputs 123456789 (underscore improves readability)        

3. Floats (float):

• Floats are numbers with decimal points.

print(3.14159)  # Outputs 3.14159        

4. Booleans (bool):

• Booleans represent two values: True or False.

print(True)  # Outputs True
print(False)  # Outputs False        

?? Handling Errors: TypeError

A TypeError occurs when you use the wrong data type in an operation. For example, trying to find the length of an integer with len() will raise a TypeError:

# This will raise an error
# len(12345)

# This will not raise an error
len("Hello")  # Outputs 5        

?? Type Checking:

You can check the data type of any variable using the type() function. This is useful for understanding the type of data you're working with.

# Type Checking
print(type("abc"))  # Outputs <class 'str'>
print(type(123))    # Outputs <class 'int'>
print(type(3.14))   # Outputs <class 'float'>
print(type(True))   # Outputs <class 'bool'>        

?? Type Conversion:

You can convert data between different types using built-in functions like str(), int(), float(), and bool().

name_of_the_user = input("Enter your name: ")
length_of_name = len(name_of_the_user)

# Type checking
print(type("Number of letters in your name: "))  # str
print(type(length_of_name))  # int

# Convert the integer to a string before concatenation
print("Number of letters in your name: " + str(length_of_name))        

? Basic Mathematical Operators:

Python supports basic arithmetic operators, including +, -, *, /, // (floor division), and ** (exponentiation).

?? PEMDAS:

Python follows the order of operations (Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication/Division, Addition/Subtraction).

# PAUSE 1: What is the output?
print(3 * 3 + 3 / 3 - 3)  # Outputs 7.0

# PAUSE 2: Change the code so it outputs 3
print(3 * (3 + 3) / 3 - 3)  # Outputs 3.0        

?? Number Manipulation:

1. Flooring: Convert a float to an integer to remove the decimal part.

print(int(3.738492)) # Outputs 3        

2. Rounding: Use the round() function to round a number.

print(round(3.738492))  # Outputs 4
print(round(3.14159, 2))  # Outputs 3.14 (rounds to 2 decimal places)        

3. Assignment Operators:

• +=, -=, *=, /=: These operators modify the value of a variable in place.

score = 0
score += 1  # Adds 1 to score, making it 1
score *= 2  # Doubles score, making it 2        

?? f-Strings:

You can use f-strings to easily embed variables into strings.

age = 12
print(f"I am {age} years old")  # Outputs "I am 12 years old"

bmi = 84 / 1.65 ** 2
print(f"Your BMI is {round(bmi, 2)}")  # Rounds BMI to 2 decimal places        

?? Tip Calculator Project:

Finally, I worked on a Tip Calculator to apply all the skills I’ve learned.

print("Welcome to the tip calculator!")
bill = float(input("What was the total bill? $"))
tip = int(input("What percentage tip would you like to give? 10 12 15 "))
people = int(input("How many people to split the bill? "))
tip_as_percent = tip / 100
total_tip_amount = bill * tip_as_percent
total_bill = bill + total_tip_amount
bill_per_person = total_bill / people
final_amount = round(bill_per_person, 2)
print(f"Each person should pay: ${final_amount}")        

?? Key Concepts:

• Primitive Data Types: Strings, Integers, Floats, Booleans.
• Type Checking: type() to inspect variable types.
• Type Conversion: Convert data types using int(), float(), str(), etc.
• Mathematical Operators: Understand basic operators and order of operations (PEMDAS).
• f-Strings: Efficient string formatting to insert variables into text.

Stay tuned as I continue to build my Python knowledge and develop projects during my #100DaysOfCode journey! ??