Day 25: 25/90 Days of DevOps

• Understanding networking conepts required for performing DevOps engineering
• Search the Internet Concept of Networking required for DevOps List them and undersstand and explain them in Article
• Get back to AWS now
• Revise Ec2 and explain it too in your own words and write steps to create EC2

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Certainly! Let's delve deeper into the last four networking concepts:

Containers Networking:

- Container Networking Models: Containers typically communicate with each other and with external services through networking. There are different container networking models such as bridge networking, host networking, and overlay networking. Bridge networking creates a virtual network interface for each container on the host, allowing them to communicate with each other. Host networking shares the network namespace with the host, enabling containers to use the host's network stack. Overlay networking creates a virtual network that spans across multiple hosts, facilitating communication between containers running on different hosts.

- Overlay Networks: Overlay networks enable communication between containers deployed across multiple hosts in a distributed environment like Kubernetes or Docker Swarm. They use encapsulation techniques to create virtual networks that overlay the existing physical network infrastructure. Overlay networking solutions like Flannel, Calico, and Weave provide features such as network isolation, service discovery, and load balancing for containerized applications.

Monitoring and Logging:

- Network Monitoring Tools: Network monitoring tools like Nagios, Zabbix, Prometheus, and Grafana collect and analyze network traffic data to monitor network performance, detect anomalies, and troubleshoot issues. These tools provide insights into bandwidth utilization, latency, packet loss, and other metrics critical for maintaining network health.

- Logging Solutions: Logging solutions such as ELK Stack (Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana), Splunk, and Graylog aggregate and analyze log data generated by network devices, servers, and applications. They help in correlating events, identifying patterns, and diagnosing network problems by analyzing log entries related to network events, errors, and security incidents.

Software-Defined Networking (SDN):

- SDN Architecture: SDN separates the control plane from the data plane, centralizing network management and programmatically configuring network devices through software controllers. SDN architecture typically consists of three layers: the application layer, the control layer, and the infrastructure layer. The application layer hosts SDN applications that define network policies and services. The control layer consists of the SDN controller, which translates high-level network policies into low-level device configurations. The infrastructure layer comprises network devices such as switches and routers that forward traffic based on instructions from the SDN controller.

- Benefits of SDN: SDN offers several benefits, including network programmability, agility, scalability, and automation. By decoupling network control from hardware, SDN simplifies network management, accelerates service deployment, and enables dynamic resource allocation. SDN also facilitates the implementation of advanced networking features such as traffic engineering, load balancing, and security policies through software-defined policies.

Security:

- Encryption: Encryption protects sensitive data by encoding it into an unreadable format using cryptographic algorithms. Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Secure Socket Layer (SSL) are commonly used protocols for encrypting network communications between clients and servers. Encryption ensures data confidentiality and integrity, preventing unauthorized access and tampering.

- Authentication: Authentication verifies the identity of users and devices before granting access to network resources. Authentication mechanisms such as passwords, digital certificates, and multi-factor authentication (MFA) ensure that only authorized users can access sensitive information and services.

- Authorization: Authorization controls the actions that authenticated users and devices can perform within a network. Role-based access control (RBAC), access control lists (ACLs), and attribute-based access control (ABAC) enforce granular permissions based on user roles, privileges, and attributes, limiting access to specific resources and functionalities.

- Network Security Protocols: Network security protocols like IPsec, SSH, and VPNs establish secure communication channels and protect data in transit from eavesdropping, interception, and manipulation. These protocols use encryption, authentication, and integrity checks to safeguard network traffic and ensure confidentiality, authenticity, and data integrity.

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### What is Amazon EC2?

Amazon EC2 is a web service offered by Amazon Web Services (AWS) that provides resizable compute capacity in the cloud. It allows users to rent virtual machines (known as instances) on which they can run their applications. EC2 instances are highly scalable and flexible, enabling users to quickly scale compute resources up or down based on demand.

### Step-by-Step Explanation:

1. Sign up for AWS: To use Amazon EC2, you need to have an AWS account. If you don't have one, you can sign up for AWS at https://aws.amazon.com/.        

2. Access AWS Management Console: Once you have an AWS account, you can access the AWS Management Console, which is a web-based interface for managing various AWS services, including EC2.        

3. Launch Instance: In the AWS Management Console, navigate to the EC2 service. Click on the "Launch Instance" button to initiate the process of creating a new EC2 instance.        

4. Choose Amazon Machine Image (AMI): An AMI is a template that contains the software configuration (operating system, application server, applications, etc.) required to launch an instance. Choose an AMI that best suits your requirements. AWS provides a variety of pre-configured AMIs for different operating systems and software stacks.        

5. Choose Instance Type: Select the instance type that defines the hardware resources (CPU, memory, storage, etc.) of your EC2 instance. Instance types range from general-purpose instances to compute-optimized, memory-optimized, and storage-optimized instances.        

6. Configure Instance: Configure additional settings such as instance details (number of instances, network settings, etc.), storage (add or modify storage volumes), and tags (labels for identifying instances).        

7. Configure Security Group: A security group acts as a virtual firewall that controls inbound and outbound traffic to an EC2 instance. Configure security group rules to specify which traffic is allowed or denied based on protocols, ports, and IP addresses.        

8. Review and Launch: Review the configuration settings for your EC2 instance to ensure everything is set up correctly. Once you're satisfied, click the "Launch" button to launch the instance.        

9. Create Key Pair: If you haven't already created an SSH key pair for accessing Linux instances or a password for Windows instances, AWS will prompt you to create one. Download and securely store the private key file (.pem) as it's required for SSH access to Linux instances.        

10. Launch Instance: After creating the key pair, click the "Launch Instances" button to deploy the EC2 instance. AWS will provision the instance according to the specified configuration settings.        

11. Access Instance: Once the instance is launched, you can access it remotely using SSH (for Linux instances) or Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) (for Windows instances). Use the private key file (.pem) or the password you specified during the instance launch process to authenticate and connect to the instance.        

12. Manage Instances: You can manage your EC2 instances through the AWS Management Console, CLI (Command Line Interface), or SDKs (Software Development Kits). Actions such as starting, stopping, terminating, and modifying instances can be performed as needed to meet your requirements.