Day 14 of Learning C++: Multithreading and File I/O

Hello, dedicated learners! It's Day 14 of your incredible 100-day C++ learning journey, and today, we're delving into two important topics that can greatly expand the capabilities of your C++ programs: multithreading and file input/output (I/O).

1. Multithreading: Parallel Execution

Multithreading allows your program to execute multiple threads simultaneously, making efficient use of multi-core processors. It can improve the performance of CPU-bound tasks and enable concurrent execution of tasks.

Here's a simple example of using the C++11 threading library:

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>

void printNumbers() {
    for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
        std::cout << "Number: " << i << std::endl;
    }
}
void printLetters() {
    for (char letter = 'A'; letter <= 'E'; letter++) {
        std::cout << "Letter: " << letter << std::endl;
    }
}
int main() {
    std::thread t1(printNumbers);
    std::thread t2(printLetters);
    t1.join(); // Wait for thread t1 to finish
    t2.join(); // Wait for thread t2 to finish
    return 0;
}        

In this example, we create two threads (t1 and t2) that execute the printNumbers and printLetters functions concurrently.

2. File Input/Output (I/O): Working with Files

File I/O is essential for reading data from and writing data to external files. C++ provides several classes for file operations, including fstream, ifstream, and ofstream.

Here's an example of writing data to a file:

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>

int main() {
    std::ofstream outputFile("example.txt");
    if (outputFile.is_open()) {
        outputFile << "Hello, File I/O!" << std::endl;
        outputFile.close();
    } else {
        std::cerr << "Unable to open the file." << std::endl;
    }
    return 0;
}
        

And here's an example of reading data from a file:

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
int main() {
    std::ifstream inputFile("example.txt");
    if (inputFile.is_open()) {
        std::string line;
        while (std::getline(inputFile, line)) {
            std::cout << "Read: " << line << std::endl;
        }
        inputFile.close();
    } else {
        std::cerr << "Unable to open the file." << std::endl;
    }
    return 0;
}        

Key Takeaways for Day 14:

Multithreading enables parallel execution of tasks and efficient utilization of multi-core processors.

File I/O operations with fstream, ifstream, and ofstream allow reading from and writing to external files.

Next Steps:

For Day 15, let's explore more advanced C++ topics like networking and working with libraries to expand your programming horizons.

Keep up the fantastic work on your C++ journey! If you have questions or insights to share, feel free to reach out. Happy coding with multithreading and file I/O! ????

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