Day 12 : Linux and Git/GitHub Command Cheat Sheet

List Commands

ls -l     # list the files and directories in long list format with extra information
ls -a     # list all including hidden files and directory
ls *.sh   # list all the files having .sh extension.
ls -i     # list the files and directories with index numbers inodes
ls -d */  # list only directories.(we can also specify a pattern)        

Directory Commands

pwd                  # print work directory. Gives the present working directory.
cd path_to_directory # Change directory to the provided path
cd ~ or just cd      # Change directory to the home directory
cd -                 # Go to the last working directory.
cd ..                # Change directory to one step back.
cd ../..             # Change directory to 2 levels back.        

mkdir DirectoryName          # To make a directory in a specific location
mkdir newFolder              # make a new folder 'newFolder'
mkdir .NewFolder             # make a hidden directory (also . before a file to make it hidden)
mkdir A B C D                # make multiple directories at the same time
mkdir /home/user/Mydirectory # make a new folder in a specific location
mkdir -p  A/B/C/D            # make a nested directory
mkdir dir{1..99}             # To make dir 1 to 99         

Some Commands

cat FileName              # To see the data in file
chomod 777 FolderName     # To Change the full permitions
history                   # To see the commands used before
rmdir DirectoryName       # To remove Empty directory
rmdir -rf DirectoryName   # To remove a Directory with files in it
vim fruits.txt            # To Edit file with vim or vi
cat fruits.txt            # To see the data in Fruits.txt
head -n 3 fruits.txt      # To see the top 3 lines in fruits.txt
tail -n 3 fruits.txt      # To see the last 3 lines in fruits.txt
touch Colours.txt         # To create file
cat Colours.txt           # To view contents
echo "Apple" > Colors.txt # To Add Apple to the Colours.txt
diff fruits.txt Colors.txt # To see differents between two files 
chmod +x print_variables.sh # To give Excute permition to the file        

CronTab

crontab -l -u username  # View crontab entries for a specific user
crontab -e -u username  # Edit crontab entries for a specific user
crontab -r -u username  # Remove crontab entries for a specific user        

User Commands

useradd   # To create a new user
usedel    # To Delete a user account
usermod   # To modifiy user details
passwd    # To change the password
su        # To switch the user
sudo      # To give root permitions to the normal user
chown user:group directory/file         # To change ownership
chgrp group directory/file              # To change the group

setfacl -m u:username:permissions /path/to/file    # To give specified special permission
getfacl /path/to/file                   # To see detailed list of permission
setfacl -m u:johndoe:rw /path/to/file   # To To give read & write permission to user johndoe
setfacl -m g:mygroup:-x /path/to/file   # To remove EX permition to mygroup specified file        

Normal commands

sudo apt-get update -y     # To update the packages
sudo apt-get install  -y  # To install any package
 -version              # To check the java version
systemctl status docker    # To view the status of the Docker use below com

sudo systemctl start docker  # Start Docker demon
sudo systemctl stop docker  # To STOP the docker service use below command        

Git Commands

git init                        # To initialise the repository
git add .                       # To add all file to staging
git commit -m 'commit message'  # To Commit the changes with specified commit message
git push origin main            # To push the changes to the remote repository

git config --global user.email "[email protected]" # To SET the author mail id
git config --global user.name "Your Name"        # To SET teh author name 
git remote add origin <link of the git repository> # To add the remote repo to local repo
git log                         # To see all the commits with full details
git log --oneline               # To see all the commits with oneline
git branch                      # To see the branch 
git push --force origin master  # To push the changes forcefully
git checkout -b branchname      # To create a branch and change to that
git checkout branchname         # To change the branch

git merge branchname            # To merge the changes to another branch 
git log --oneline --all --graph # To see the all commits with small graph
git stash                       # To save the working directory work with out commiting
git stash pop                   # To bring back the changes to the working directory
git stash apply                 # To bring back the a copy of hashcode to the working direcoory
git revert                      # It used to record some new commits to
reverse the effect of some earlier.        

Thanks for reading my article i hope it will be useful for you <3

#Mosad-Rashad <3